{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T14:45:20Z","timestamp":1777301120821,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JGH Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Regarding the gut\u2013liver axis, fecal dysbiosis is implicated in the pathogenesis of non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The significance of mucosa\u2010associated microbiota (MAM, which is present in the mucin layer covering the intestinal mucosa) has not been well explored. We aimed to clarify the characteristics of MAM in patients with NAFLD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>MAM were obtained from seven patients with early\u2010stage NAFLD and seven controls by colonoscopy in five locations (terminal ileum, cecum, ascending and sigmoid colon, and rectum) using mucosal brushes. The microbial 16S rDNA profiles of the MAM and fecal microbiota of patients in the NAFLD and control groups were analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>\u03b1\u2010diversities of fecal microbiota were decreased in patients with NAFLD (observed species, Shannon index, and Chao1: 174.57 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 134.86, 5.51 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 4.65, and 206.34 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 167.91; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.048, 0.067, and 0.087, respectively), and microbial composition analyses by principal coordinate analysis differed between the fecal microbiota of patients with NAFLD and those of controls (permutational analysis of variance [PERMANOVA] of weighted and unweighted: Pseud\u2010<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>: 1.4179\/<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2010value: 0.05 and Pseud\u2010<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>: 2.1497\/<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2010value: 0.049, respectively). However, \u03b1\u2010diversities or microbial composition of MAM in most parts of the intestine did not differ significantly between the NAFLD and control groups. Unclassified <jats:italic>Rikenellaceae<\/jats:italic>, Oscillospira, Odoribacter, unclassified <jats:italic>clostridiales<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Holdemania<\/jats:italic> were decreased in the feces of patients with NAFLD (determined by linear discriminant analysis effect size), but five (except <jats:italic>Holdemania<\/jats:italic>) of the six genera were not decreased in the MAM of these patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In early\u2010stage NAFLD, MAM was uniform and relatively stable throughout the intestine, even when fecal dysbiosis appeared.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jgh3.12803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T11:14:38Z","timestamp":1661771678000},"page":"677-684","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Constitution of mucosa\u2010associated microbiota in the lower digestive tract does not change in early stage of non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease with fecal dysbiosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Naoki","family":"Asaji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine  Kobe Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7227-6223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine  Kobe Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Kita\u2010Harima Medical Center  Ono Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eri","family":"Tokunaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine  Kobe Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yusaku","family":"Shimamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine  Kobe Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masato","family":"Kinoshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine  Kobe Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine  Kobe Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1072-5243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arata","family":"Sakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine  Kobe Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5177-7480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshihiko","family":"Yano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine  Kobe Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshihide","family":"Ueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine  Kobe 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