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MAFLD was defined as the presence of hepatic steatosis plus metabolic dysfunction, defined as having any of following three criteria: overweight\/obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), or \u22652 metabolic risk abnormalities in lean\/normal weight subjects. According to these two diagnostic criteria, three groups were identified: \u201coverlapping FLD\u201d, \u201cNAFLD alone\u201d, and \u201cMAFLD alone.\u201d NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) &gt;0.675 was defined as advanced liver fibrosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eight thousand thirty\u2010eight NAFLD participants (age 55.86\u2009\u00b1\u200910.12; males 41.07%) were included in the final analysis. Of them, \u201coverlapping FLD\u201d was diagnosed in 7377 (91.8%) and \u201cNAFLD alone\u201d in 661 (8.2%) participants. \u201cOverlapping FLD\u201d patients were older and had a higher percentage of male, worse metabolic profiles, higher NFS, and the percentage of carotid plaques was higher than those with \u201cNAFLD alone.\u201d Multivariate analysis showed age, hypertension, DM, and BMI were positively associated with advanced liver fibrosis in \u201coverlapping FLD\u201d patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>\u201cOverlapping FLD\u201d is better for liver research due to identifying a high\u2010risk population among NAFLD patients. NAFLD definition introduces the heterogeneity through \u201cNAFLD alone\u201d group and MAFLD criteria overcome this limitation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jgh3.70039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T06:40:26Z","timestamp":1728888026000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Overlapping group between non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic associated fatty liver disease better for liver research"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9134-1104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu\u2010Ming","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Tung's Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital  Taichung City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsung\u2010Han","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chia\u2010Chi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation and School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University  Hualien Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia\u2010Horng","family":"Kao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.11.312"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.03.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(22)00062-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2021.0310"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-2980.13071"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13830"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-022-10449-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13685"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15139"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2022.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/14622416.9.2.235"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20973"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21496"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14218\/JCTH.2021.00089"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.693507"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14675"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14218\/JCTH.2021.00178"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.935390"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","first-page":"128","article-title":"Metabolic dysfunction\u2010associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and viral hepatitis","volume":"10","author":"Wang X","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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