{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T16:27:23Z","timestamp":1790785643324,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JGH Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ascites is a common condition seen by clinicians in secondary care. Data on the epidemiology of ascites in Asians is lacking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective case record review was performed in this large, referral institution between January 2016 and December 2019. Clinical and epidemiological data of adult (age\u2009&gt;\u200918\u2009years) patients with ascites, identified from the Radiology database, were obtained from this institutions' electronic medical records.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 838 patients (median age 59.77\u2009\u00b1\u200914.46\u2009years, 56% males, ethnicity: Chinese 41.9%, Malay 34.8%, Indian 22.7%) were included in the study. Malignancy (28.9%) and liver cirrhosis (27.9%) were the most common etiology of ascites. Most of the malignant etiology of ascites were due to female\u2010related (breast and ovarian) and gastrointestinal (colon, liver, pancreatic, bile duct) cancer. Liver cirrhosis\u2010related ascites was mostly due to metabolic\u2010associated fatty liver disease (MASLD, 35.5%) and hepatitis B infection (20.5%). An increased age (&gt;\u200940\u2009years) was associated with all causes of ascites. The etiology of ascites varied with ethnicity as follows: the most common cause of ascites was malignancy (37.6%) among ethnic Chinese, heart failure (20.5%) in ethnic Malays and chronic liver disease (43.7%) in ethnic Indians.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Malignancy and liver cirrhosis are the leading cause of ascites in a multi\u2010ethnic Asian population. Demographic factors, particularly ethnicity, have a strong influence on the etiology of ascites.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jgh3.70111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T01:53:52Z","timestamp":1739498032000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Epidemiology of Ascites in a Multi\u2010Ethnic Asian Population"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Ram Prasad","family":"Sinnanaidu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kumaraganapathy","family":"Poobalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aswinderjeet Singh Balwan","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kishvan","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anushya","family":"Vijayananthan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5824-0590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanjiv","family":"Mahadeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","volume-title":"Ascites","author":"Chiejina M.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000000548"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A.\u2010I.Suceveanu D.Todescu L.Mazilu et\u00a0al. \u201cModern Tools for Diagnosis in Tuberculous Ascites \u201dAscites\u2014Physiopathology Treatment Complications and Prognosis IntechOpen 2017 https:\/\/www.intechopen.com\/chapters\/56637.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.70417"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/gastroent15040065"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2023-1112"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840080521"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jgh3.12275"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68384-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-018-0055-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100333"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-17495-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5539\/ass.v15n11p116"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","first-page":"434","article-title":"Ascites in the State of Qatar: Aetiology and Diagnostic Value of Ascitic Fluid Analysis","volume":"48","author":"Khan F. 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