{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T23:58:48Z","timestamp":1791158328540,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,4]],"date-time":"2025-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746316800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JGH Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is one of the most common medical emergencies. Currently, there is a paucity of data on the clinical profile and outcome of UGIB in resource\u2010limited settings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aim to describe the etiology and outcomes of the patients who presented to the Emergency Department (ED) of a tertiary hospital in Ghana with UGIB.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a single\u2010center prospective cohort study involving 195 adults who presented with symptoms of UGIB from May 2022 to April 2023. Relevant baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were obtained. The cause of UGIB was determined as per findings at endoscopy. Patients were followed up for 6\u2009weeks from admission, looking out for rebleeding, need for transfusion, length of hospital stay, and mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 145 (74.4%) males and 50 (25.6%) females, and the mean age\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD was 51.4\u2009\u00b1\u200917.4\u2009years. The main clinical presentations included melena (87.2%), hematemesis (69.7%) and postural dizziness (73.8%). The commonest findings at endoscopy were esophageal and gastric varices (33.3%), erosive gastritis and duodenitis (27.7%) and peptic ulcers (21.5%). The median length of hospital stay (IQR) was 7\u2009days (5\u2009days). 70.8% required whole blood transfusion with a median (IQR) of 2\u2009units (2\u2009units). The 6\u2010week mortality and rebleeding rates were 17.4% and 7.2%, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Variceal bleeding was the most common cause of UGIB at the emergency. One out of every fourteen patients that recover from acute UGIB may rebleed within the first six weeks one out of every\u00a0six patients who present with acute UGIB may die within the succeeding six\u2009weeks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jgh3.70167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T06:20:16Z","timestamp":1746426016000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Etiology and Short\u2010Term Outcomes of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients Presenting at the Emergency Department in a Tertiary Hospital in a Low Resource Setting\u2013A Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0766-4697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nyantakyi","family":"Adu\u2010Darko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital  Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5941-9733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Solomon","family":"Gyabaah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital  Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osei Yaw","family":"Asamoah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital  Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracey Afoley","family":"Laryea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital  Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bright","family":"Oppong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital  Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eileen","family":"Micah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital  Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Nkum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kwame Nkrumah University of Science &amp; Technology  Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pmj.78.915.4"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"H1","article-title":"Retrospective Study of Clinical Profile, Endoscopic Profile and in Hospital Mortality in Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Tertiary Care Centre in South India","volume":"6","author":"Mathew P.","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/ss.2014.511077"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-019-1131-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giec.2011.07.004"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","first-page":"206","article-title":"Epidemiology of Hospitalization for Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage: A Population\u2013Based Study","volume":"90","author":"Longstreth G. 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