{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:49:12Z","timestamp":1786978152591,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JGH Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a malignancy with rising incidence and mortality in the United States. This study aimed to investigate temporal trends in the place of death among patients with ICC and assess demographic disparities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We used the CDC WONDER database (2003\u20132020) for a retrospective study of patients who died from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma identified through death certificates. Place of death was categorized as hospice, home, inpatient, nursing home, or other. Age\u2010adjusted mortality rates were calculated per 100\u2009000. Temporal trends were assessed using the Mann\u2010Kendall trend test, and associations between demographic characteristics and place of death were examined using the\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      test.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 101\u2009631 ICC\u2010related deaths (AAMR: 1.61; 95% CI 1.60\u20131.62), the AAMR rose from 1.19 (95% CI 1.15\u20131.23) in 2003 to 2.04 (95% CI 2.00\u20132.08) in 2020. Over the study period, home was the most frequent place of death (44.6%), followed by inpatient facilities (28.4%), hospice (11.1%), and nursing homes (9.5%). Deaths at home and in hospice increased significantly (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01), while inpatient and nursing home deaths declined (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Disparities were observed across race, sex, age groups, and urbanization. Younger patients more often died in inpatient facilities, and minority racial groups were less likely to die at home or utilize hospice.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ICC\u2010related deaths in the USA nearly doubled over the study period, with a marked shift from inpatient and nursing home deaths to hospice and home. Demographic disparities in end\u2010of\u2010life care underscore the need for targeted interventions to improve equitable access to palliative services.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jgh3.70182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T00:58:35Z","timestamp":1747789115000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Temporal Trends in Mortality Location Among Patients With Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma in the\n                    <scp>USA<\/scp>\n                    : A Retrospective Observational Analysis of National Center for Health Statistics Mortality Data"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7201-2886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Ahmad","family":"Nadeem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Liver Transplant Surgery Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5703-5552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullah","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, Heart Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2619-9962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahsan Raza","family":"Raja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College Aga Khan University  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2709-6896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Usama Hussain","family":"Kamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Services Institute of Medical Sciences  Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6411-8759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdul Rafeh","family":"Awan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Nishtar Medical University  Multan Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6653-0661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jibran","family":"Ikram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Outcomes Research Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9435-9625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asad","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Texas Technical University Health Sciences Center TTUHSC  Lubbock Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjan","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Marshfield Clinics  Marshfield Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0503-6961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abu Baker","family":"Sheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University of New Mexico  Albuquerque New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4231-6447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir Humza","family":"Sohail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology University of New Mexico  Albuquerque New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"201","article-title":"Histological Classification of Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancers in SEER Registries","volume":"38","author":"Altekruse S. 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