{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,27]],"date-time":"2025-12-27T21:08:33Z","timestamp":1766869713720,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,9]],"date-time":"2025-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JGH Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Green kiwifruit (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Actinidia deliciosa<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> <jats:italic>var Hayward<\/jats:italic>) extract improves constipation. This study aimed to determine its efficacy in patients with constipation\u2010predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS\u2010C).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A randomized, multicenter, double\u2010blind, parallel\u2010group, placebo\u2010controlled trial was conducted in 186 IBS\u2010C patients (Rome III criteria). Patients received either placebo or kiwifruit extract (575\u2009mg twice daily for 4\u2009weeks, followed by 575\u2009mg daily for 4\u2009weeks). Outcomes included measures of bowel movement frequency, Bristol Stool Scores, and abdominal pain and related measures (100\u2009mm visual analog scale). The primary efficacy end point was the combined improvement of the number of complete spontaneous bowel movements and reduction of weekly average abdominal pain symptom score by at least 30% for at least half of the weeks during treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>On kiwifruit extract, the proportion of subjects with increased frequency of spontaneous bowel movements (54% vs. 36%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.012), improved Bristol Stool Score (87 vs. 73%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.014), and abdominal pain (74% vs. 59%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.023) was greater than in controls. However, no difference was observed in the combined two\u2010variable primary end point (24% vs. 26%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.798). In post hoc analyses of 49 subjects with severe pain (\u2265\u200950\u2009mm), kiwifruit extract improved the primary end point (33% vs. 8%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.028) and normalized or maintained normal bowel actions with kiwifruit extract (44% vs. 24%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.005).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In patients with IBS\u2010C, kiwifruit extract improves bowel habits and abdominal pain. The predefined end point for the whole study population was not met because the 30% or greater improvement of pain only occurred in patients with more pain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title><jats:p>Australian Clinical Trial Research Network (ACTRN 12613001222730)<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jgh3.70250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,9]],"date-time":"2025-08-09T13:49:38Z","timestamp":1754747378000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Randomized, Placebo\u2010Controlled, Double\u2010Blind 8\u2010Week Trial on the Efficacy of A Proprietary Kiwifruit Extract on Constipation\u2010Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0206-2358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerald","family":"Holtmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Princess Alexandra Hospital  Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2537-3092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Talley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medicine University of Newcastle  Newcastle Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanjay","family":"Nandurkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eastern Health Clinical School Monash University  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Eastern Health  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9108-1712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter R.","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eastern Health Clinical School Monash University  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology School of Translational Medicine, Monash University and Alfred Health  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-301856"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2007.05245.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-015-1076-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2022.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CEG.S464375"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7596920"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000002124"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15127"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018831127942"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199303000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.1997.142318000.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1505180"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2012.254"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12856"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2006.03197.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13874"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-324891"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2011.12.084"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11130-012-0293-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/mehd.v23i0.18572"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/jns.2017.52"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2023.113348"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-12-78"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","first-page":"451","article-title":"Kiwifruit Improves Bowel Function in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Constipation","volume":"19","author":"Chang C. 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