{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:19:27Z","timestamp":1769645967637,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JGH Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between defecation frequency and dietary characteristics in adult men and women to identify factors associated with appropriate defecation frequency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We performed a cross\u2010sectional study of 11,595 participants (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20096142 men and 5453 women) aged 30\u201379\u2009years using annual health check data collected between 2018 and 2023. Data on dietary characteristics and defecation frequency were collected using a self\u2010reported questionnaire. Participants were divided according to defecation frequency into high\u2010 (\u2265\u20093 times\/day) and middle\u2010frequency defecation groups, and a constipation group (\u2264 every 3\u2009days).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The proportion of high\u2010frequency defecation was higher in men, whereas constipation was higher in women. For both sexes, high\u2010frequency defecation was associated with higher BMI, triglyceride, and hepatic enzyme levels, whereas constipation was associated with lower BMI, triglyceride, and hepatic enzyme levels. Multivariable\u2010adjusted logistic regression analysis indicated that, in men, high\u2010frequency defecation was associated with eating a snack after dinner. The risk of constipation was negatively associated with frequent consumption of vegetables in both sexes, and fruits in women only. The prevalence of constipation was positively and strongly associated with skipping breakfast every day in both men and women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study found a correlation between increased defecation frequency and obesity\u2010related characteristics, such as elevated BMI, triglycerides, and hepatic enzyme levels, in both men and women. Fiber\u2010rich food intake may have a preventive effect against constipation, whereas skipping breakfast every day was associated with constipation prevalence in both sexes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jgh3.70334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T03:25:38Z","timestamp":1768015538000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dietary Characteristics Associated With High Defecation Frequency and Constipation in Japanese Adults: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7999-8456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hirokazu","family":"Taniguchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University  Shiga Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miho","family":"Ueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Promotion, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yukiko","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Applied Life Sciences Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takatomo","family":"Shima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Promotion, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15852"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016060656"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20150123"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2018.12.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2022.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-031028"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep33005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.44.515.720"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(82)80186-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5470.1095"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365520903551332"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2010.01990.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PHN2003522"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-012-2071-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00487-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2010.08.005"},{"issue":"22","key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","first-page":"956","article-title":"The Relation Between Irregular Bowel Movement and the Lifestyle of Working Women","volume":"45","author":"Kunimoto M.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hepato\u2010Gastroenterology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(21)00111-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3177\/jnsv.53.232"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3177\/jnsv.65.38"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35772\/ghm.2021.01109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-020-01369-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13534-015-0172-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.42010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.66.987"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","unstructured":"A standard Health Checkup and Health Guidance Program (10 English version) \u201cIn Edited by Health Department of the Ministry of Health Law. 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