{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T15:26:58Z","timestamp":1791473218266,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":129,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JGH Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The gut microbiota is a dynamic community of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and archaea that plays a pivotal role in regulating host immunity, metabolism, and systemic homeostasis. Dysbiosis, characterized by an imbalance in the microbial composition, is being increasingly recognized as a contributor not only to gastrointestinal cancers but also to extraintestinal malignancies. Mechanistic studies highlight the gut\u2013microbiota\u2013cancer axis, where microbial metabolites such as bile acids, short\u2010chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and tryptophan derivatives influence genetic, epigenetic, and immune pathways, influencing carcinogenesis. Germ\u2010free models demonstrate that commensal signals are essential for CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T\u2010cell differentiation, IgA production, and anti\u2010tumor immunity. Dysbiosis\u2010induced immune dysregulation is believed to impair immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) efficacy, while specific taxa such as\n                    <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Akkermansia<\/jats:italic>\n                    have been shown to enhance therapeutic responses. Emerging evidence links gut microbiota to breast cancer via estrogen metabolism \u201cestrobolome\u201d to lung cancer through the gut\u2013lung axis and modulation of ICI responses, to melanoma by shaping systemic T\u2010cell function and immunotherapy outcomes, and to prostate cancer through androgen receptor signaling and microbial metabolite interactions. These findings underscore the systemic oncogenic and tumor\u2010suppressive potential of microbial communities. Microbiome\u2010targeted interventions, including fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), defined live biotherapeutics, probiotics, prebiotics, dietary modulation, and postbiotic delivery, are being actively investigated to optimize cancer treatment. While early trials have demonstrated feasibility, variability between individuals and methodological challenges remain significant hurdles. Hence, understanding how gut microbes influence extraintestinal cancers could revolutionize diagnostics, risk prediction, and treatment strategies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jgh3.70409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T05:54:22Z","timestamp":1778133262000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Gut Microbiota and Extraintestinal Cancers: Mechanistic Insights and Microbiome\u2010Targeted Interventions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3075-0684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rishi","family":"Chowdhary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine MetroHealth Medical Center  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5511-2099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manjeet Kumar","family":"Goyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Cleveland Clinic Akron General  Akron Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2694-0866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirti","family":"Arora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Cleveland Clinic Akron General  Akron Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3677-5372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanisha","family":"Sehgal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Dayanand Medical College and Hospital  Ludhiana Punjab India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1472-9082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prachi","family":"Dawer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University College of Medical Sciences  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7257-1562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F. 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