{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T08:06:07Z","timestamp":1785139567752,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JGH Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite the recommendation of steroid therapy for type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP), the value of steroid pulse therapy remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of steroid pulse therapy in patients with AIP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 121 patients with type 1 AIP who were identified, 116 with adequate follow\u2010up data were included in the analysis. Patients were classified into four groups according to the initial treatment modality\u2014pulse therapy alone (Pulse alone group), pulse therapy followed by oral steroid therapy (Pulse\u2009+\u2009PSL group), conventional oral steroid therapy (PSL group), and observation without treatment (Observation group)\u2014and short\u2010 and long\u2010term clinical response, relapse rates, and steroid\u2010associated adverse events were compared across these groups. The numbers of patients in the Pulse alone, Pulse\u2009+\u2009PSL, PSL, and Observation groups were 12, 13, 68, and 23, respectively. After 2\u2009weeks of steroid initiation, steroid pulse groups (Pulse alone and Pulse\u2009+\u2009PSL group) showed a significantly greater reduction in serum IgG4 levels than the PSL group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.048). Pulse\u2009+\u2009PSL was associated with a significantly lower relapse rate than PSL (log\u2010rank test\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02; multivariate Cox regression\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.048), with no differences in adverse events. Rates of relapse and adverse events did not differ significantly between the Pulse alone and Observation groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Steroid pulse therapy may serve as a useful therapeutic option when conducting a steroid trial and may help reduce relapse rate in the management of type 1 AIP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jgh3.70448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T03:16:38Z","timestamp":1784603798000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of Steroid Pulse Therapy on Early Treatment Response and Relapse in Type 1 Autoimmune Pancreatitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1190-4993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akihisa","family":"Adachi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences  Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8342-886X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Itaru","family":"Naitoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Nagoya City University Midori Municipal Hospital  Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4167-2781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michihiro","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences  Nagoya 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