{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T05:44:40Z","timestamp":1791783880892,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JGH Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Halitosis, a common clinical condition, is frequently associated with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      infection. Numerous studies have highlighted a significant reduction in halitosis following successful\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      eradication.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This meta\u2010analysis aimed to investigate the association between\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      infection and halitosis, as well as the effect of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      eradication on halitosis resolution.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We searched major databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and the Science Citation Index, up to March 2025. Literature screening and data extraction were conducted according to strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Study quality was assessed using appropriate tools according to study design. Heterogeneity and risk of bias were analyzed using Stata 12.0. Subgroup analyses were performed to examine the relationship between\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      infection and halitosis, including infection prevalence, symptom incidence, and treatment outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the 154 articles screened, 24 met the inclusion criteria, involving 5872 patients. The analysis revealed a significantly higher\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      infection rate in the halitosis group compared with the non\u2010halitosis group (OR\u2009=\u20093.42; 95% CI: 1.13\u201310.33). The prevalence of halitosis was higher in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010positive individuals than in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010negative individuals (OR\u2009=\u20091.91; 95% CI: 1.28\u20132.86). The prevalence of halitosis was lower in the successful eradication group compared with the unsuccessful eradication group (OR\u2009=\u20090.17; 95% CI: 0.04\u20130.73). Moreover, pre\u2010eradication halitosis rates were higher than post\u2010eradication rates (OR\u2009=\u20094.39; 95% CI: 1.99\u20139.68).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The findings suggest a significant observational association between\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      infection and halitosis, and eradication therapy may be associated with alleviation of halitosis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jgh3.70483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T04:45:48Z","timestamp":1791780348000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Halitosis and\n                    <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>\n                    Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7031-2218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Xia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University  Jinan Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7525-5678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun\u2010Da","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University  Jinan Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0677-9206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tong","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University  Jinan Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9329-3376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bing\u2010Jie","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University  Jinan Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9708-4807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shu\u2010Lei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University  Jinan Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8118-5307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong\u2010Wei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University  Jinan Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2504-3771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang\u2010Qin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University  Jinan Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784\u2010023\u201005292\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e05371"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.13561"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12198"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"331","volume-title":"Carranza's Clinical Periodontology","author":"Newman M. 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