{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T11:59:11Z","timestamp":1774785551164,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,13]],"date-time":"2007-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1197504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Gene Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Efficient vaccines against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are urgently needed. Vaccine development has been hampered by the lack of suitable small animal models to reliably test the protective capacity of immmunization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used recombinant murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV\u201068) as a novel challenge virus in mice and tested the efficacy of heterologous candidate human vaccines based on modified vaccinia virus Ankara or adenovirus, both delivering HCV non\u2010structural NS3 or core proteins.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recombinant MHV\u201068 expressing NS3 (MHV\u201068\u2010NS3) or core (MHV\u201068\u2010core) were constructed and characterized <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. Mice immunized with NS3\u2010specific vector vaccines and challenged with MHV\u201068\u2010NS3 were infected but showed significantly reduced viral loads in the acute and latent phase of infection. NS3\u2010specific CD8+ T cells were amplified in immunized mice after challenge with MHV\u201068\u2010NS3. By contrast, we did neither detect a reduction of viral load nor an induction of core\u2010specific CD8+ T cells after core\u2010specific immunization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our data suggest that the challenge system using recombinant MHV\u201068 is a highly suitable model to test the immunogenicity and protective capacity of HCV candidate vaccine antigens. Using this system, we demonstrated the usefulness of NS3\u2010specific immunization. By contrast, our analysis rather discarded core as a vaccine antigen. 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