{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T06:09:37Z","timestamp":1761718177534,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,7]],"date-time":"2011-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1307404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":37,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Gene Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>A successful gene delivery system needs to breakthrough several barriers to allow efficient transgenic expression. In the present study, successive targeting liposomes (STL) were constructed by integrating various targeting groups into a nanoparticle to address this issue.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Polyethylenimine (PEI) 1800\u2010triamcinolone acetonide (TA) with nuclear targeting capability was synthesized by a two\u2010step reaction. Lactobionic acid was connected with cholesterol to obtain a compound of [(2\u2010lactoylamido) ethylamino]formic acid cholesterol ester (CHEDLA) with hepatocyte\u2010targeting capability. The liposome was modified with PEI 1800\u2010TA and CHEDLA to prepare successive targeting liposome (STL). Its physicochemical properties and transfection efficiency were investigated both<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The diameter of STL was approximately 100 nm with 20 mV of potential. The confocal microscopy observation and potential assay verified that lipid bilayer of STL was decorated with PEI 1800\u2010TA. Cytotoxicity of STL was significantly lower than that of PEI 1800\u2010TA and PEI 25K. The transfection efficiency of 10% CHEDLA STL in HepG2 cells was the higher than of the latter two with serum. Its transfection efficiency was greatly reduced with excessive free galactose, indicating that STL was absorbed via galactose receptor\u2010mediated endocytosis. The<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>study in mice showed that 10% CHEDLA STL had better transgenic expression in liver than the other carriers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>STL with multi\u2010ligand was able to overcome the various barriers to target nucleus and special cells and present distinctive transgenic expression. Therefore, it has a great potential for gene therapy as a nonviral carrier. 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