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This review is an attempt to summarize the types of MSCs involved in myocardial infarction (MI) therapy, as well as its possible mechanisms effects, especially the paracrine one in MI focusing on the studies (human and animal) conducted within the last 10\u00a0years. Recently, reports showed that MSC therapy could have infarct\u2010limiting effects after MI in both experimental and clinical trials. In this context, various types of MSCs can help cardiac regeneration by either revitalizing the cardiac stem cells or revascularizing the arteries and veins of the heart. Furthermore, MSCs could produce paracrine growth factors that increase the survival of nearby cardiomyocytes, as well as increase angiogenesis through recruitment of stem cell from bone marrow or inducing vessel growth from existing capillaries. Recent research suggests that the paracrine effects of MSCs could be mediated by extracellular vesicles including exosomes. Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) released by MSCs are promising therapeutic hotspot target for MI. This could be attributed to the role of miRNA in cardiac biology, including cardiac regeneration, stem cell differentiation, apoptosis, neovascularization, cardiac contractility and cardiac remodeling. Furthermore, gene\u2010modified MSCs could be a recent promising therapy for MI to enhance the paracrine effects of MSCs, including better homing and effective cell targeted tissue regeneration. Although MSC therapy has achieved considerable attention and progress, there are critical challenges that remains to be overcome to achieve the most effective successful cell\u2010based therapy in MI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jgm.2995","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,17]],"date-time":"2017-10-17T04:36:41Z","timestamp":1508215001000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":129,"title":["Mesenchymal stem cell therapy: A promising cell\u2010based therapy for treatment of myocardial infarction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Ayman El\u2010Sayed","family":"Shafei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Department Military Armed Forces College of Medicine  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud Ahmed","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Department Military Armed Forces College of Medicine  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hazem G.","family":"Ghanem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Armed Forces College of Medicine  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed I.","family":"Shehata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Armed Forces College of Medicine  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed A.","family":"Abdelgawad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Armed Forces College of Medicine  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossam R.","family":"Handal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Armed Forces College of Medicine  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kareem A.","family":"Talaat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Armed Forces College of Medicine  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed E.","family":"Ashaal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Armed Forces College of Medicine  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amal S.","family":"El\u2010Shal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Biochemistry &amp; Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University  Zagazig Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","unstructured":"Anonymous.Burden: Mortality Morbidity and Risk Factors. 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