{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T17:52:50Z","timestamp":1782755570156,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,15]],"date-time":"2018-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1534291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81170383"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81170383"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Gene Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study aimed to clarify the effects of thymosin \u03b24 (T\u03b24) on CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\u2010induced hepatic fibrosis in mice and to further explore the underlying mechanisms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Expression of T\u03b24 in fibrotic liver tissues was assessed by a quantitative real time\u2010reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. The effects of intraperitoneal adeno\u2010associated virus\u2010T\u03b24 (AAV\u2010T\u03b24) on CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\u2010induced hepatic fibrosis were observed by the evaluation of collagen deposition, hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and pro\u2010fibrotic cytokine expression. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> tests with HSCs and hepatocytes were performed to confirm the effects of T\u03b24.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The expression of T\u03b24 was down\u2010regulated in fibrotic mouse livers but was rapidly up\u2010regulated by CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\u2010induced acute injury. AAV\u2010T\u03b24 pre\u2010treatment significantly attenuated liver injury, collagen deposition, HSC activation and pro\u2010fibrotic cytokine over\u2010expression, such as transforming growth factor \u03b21 (TGF\u2010\u03b21), platelet\u2010derived growth factor B (PDGF\u2010B), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and plasminogen activator inhibitor\u20101 (PAI\u20101) in CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\u2010intoxicated mouse livers. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> experiments showed that T\u03b24 suppressed HSC proliferation, blunted TGF\u2010\u03b21\u2010induced HSC activation and reduced TGF\u2010\u03b21\u2010induced TGF\u2010\u03b21, PDGF\u2010B, CTGF and PAI\u20101 expression in both HSCs and hepatocytes. Ectopic T\u03b24 ameliorated the over\u2010expression of TGF\u2010\u03b2 receptor\u2010II (TGF\u2010\u03b2RII) in the fibrotic mouse livers. Exogenous T\u03b24 down\u2010regulated TGF\u2010\u03b2RII expression, whereas neutralizing endogenous extracellular T\u03b24 with a specific antibody up\u2010regulated TGF\u2010\u03b2RII expression in cultured HSCs and hepatocytes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>T\u03b24 possesses anti\u2010fibrotic activity in the liver, which is attributable, at least partly, to down\u2010regulating TGF\u2010\u03b2RII and thereby blunting TGF\u2010\u03b21\u2010mediated fibrogenetic signaling in both HSCs and hepatocytes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jgm.3043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,4]],"date-time":"2018-07-04T19:33:20Z","timestamp":1530732800000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Thymosin \u03b24 suppresses CCl<sub>4<\/sub>\u2010induced murine hepatic fibrosis by down\u2010regulating transforming growth factor \u03b2 receptor\u2010II"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Hanchao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an  Shaanxi Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an  Shaanxi Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an  Shaanxi Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an  Shaanxi Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiannan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an  Shaanxi Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiming","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an  Shaanxi Province 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