{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T09:47:16Z","timestamp":1779184036869,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,2]],"date-time":"2018-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Gene Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Macrophage inhibitory factor (<jats:italic>MIF<\/jats:italic>) is a pro\u2010inflammatory cytokine modulating monocyte motility and a pleiotropic regulator of different biological and cellular processes. The <jats:italic>MIF<\/jats:italic>\u2010173G\/C (rs755622) polymorphism is found in the promoter region and affects its activity. The present study investigated the <jats:italic>MIF<\/jats:italic> polymorphism as a risk factor for the development of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in Egyptian children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analyzed the <jats:italic>MIF<\/jats:italic>\u2010173G\/C (rs755622) polymorphism in 180 ALL cases and 150 healthy control children by amplification of the gene using a polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction endonuclease digestion and running on an agarose gel for visualization of the product.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found a significant incidence of the homozygous polymorphic (CC) genotype and the combined polymorphic genotypes (GC\u00a0+\u00a0CC) in ALL patients compared to healthy controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.007, respectively), whereas the wild\u2010type genotype (GG) was more common in healthy controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.006). Multivariate logistic regression analysis adjustment for <jats:italic>MIF<\/jats:italic> different genotypes and other potential risk factors such as age, sex and parental smoking indicated that the CC genotype is the only significant risk factor for the test (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02). We also noted that, by increasing the C\u2010allele representation within the gene [GC, CC], there was an increase in total leukocytic count (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.09 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001, respectively) that may reflect the bad prognostic impact of the polymorphic allele, although further studies are needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of the present study indicate that the <jats:italic>MIF<\/jats:italic>\u2010173G\/C (rs755622) polymorphism is a risk factor for childhood ALL development with respect to both homozygous and combined polymorphic genotypes. In addition, the increased leukocytic count in synchronization with the increased representation of the polymorphic C\u2010allele may reflect its bad prognostic impact.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jgm.3044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,11]],"date-time":"2018-07-11T17:13:45Z","timestamp":1531329225000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["<i>MIF<\/i>\u2010173G\/C (rs755622) polymorphism as a risk factor for acute lymphoblastic leukemia development in children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Sharaf\u2010Eldein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences Damietta University  New Damietta Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Doaa","family":"Elghannam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Mansoura University  Mansoura Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camelia","family":"Abdel\u2010Malak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences Damietta University  New Damietta 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