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They play a role in the development of lipodystrophy syndrome. Adipocytes secrete the pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines IL\u20101, TNF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> and IL\u20106. The plasma cytokine concentration is associated with the percentage and distribution of fat tissue in the body. The metabolic disturbances are strongly associated with increased levels of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines (IL\u20101, IL\u20106 and TNF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>). Plasma levels of cytokines such as TNF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>, IL\u20106 and leptin were found to be increased while plasma resistin levels were found to be variable in patients suffering from obesity and type II diabetes mellitus. Until now, limited information has been available on the polymorphism of cytokine and adipokine genes in patients of HIV\u2010associated lipodystrophy (HIVLD), which can contribute to individual variations in susceptibility to metabolic diseases, especially to HIVLD. Hence, we studied the association of cytokine and adipokine gene polymorphisms in various diseases and their impact on HIVLD. We carry out an extensive search using several databases, including PubMed, EMBASE and Google Scholar. The distribution of cytokine and adipokine gene polymorphisms and their expression levels varied among various populations. We examined the variants of cytokine and adipokine genes, which can contribute to individual variations in susceptibility to metabolic diseases, especially to HIVLD. In the current review, we present a brief account of the risk factors of HIVLD, the pathogenesis of HIVLD and the polymorphism of cytokine and adipokine genes in various diseases with special reference to their impact on HIVLD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jgm.3512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]],"date-time":"2023-04-26T09:56:12Z","timestamp":1682502972000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Impact of inflammatory cytokine and adipokine gene variations in the development of HIV\u2010associated lipodystrophy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Goldi","family":"Namdev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Biology National AIDS Research Institute  Pune India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ranjana","family":"Choudhari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Biology National AIDS Research Institute  Pune India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Shyamveer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Biology National AIDS Research Institute  Pune India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdul Arif","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Microbiology National AIDS Research Institute  Pune India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nemat","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University  Al\u2010Kharj Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Summya","family":"Rashid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University  Al\u2010Kharj Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7251-3097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hari Om","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Biology National AIDS Research Institute  Pune India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030\u2010199807000\u201000003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334\u2010200308150\u201000004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249\u2010017\u20100240\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0213\u2010005X(08)76508\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra041811"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","unstructured":"GuzmanN VijayanV. 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