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However, the patient response rates remain suboptimal, and a significant proportion of initial responders may develop resistance to this therapeutic approach. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Akkermansia muciniphila<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> (AKK), a microorganism implicated in multiple human diseases, has been reported to be more abundant in patients who exhibit favorable responses to PD\u20101mAb. However, the underlying mechanism has yet to be elucidated. In our study, we found that AKK could enhance the efficacy of PD\u20101mAb against HCC in a tumor\u2010bearing mouse model. It promotes HCC tumor cells apoptosis and raise the CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T proportion in the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, AKK downregulates PD\u2010L1 expression in tumor cells. Furthermore, the analysis of metabonomics demonstrates that AKK induces alterations in the host's bile acid metabolism, leading to a significant increase in serum TUDCA levels. Considering the immunosuppresive roles of TUDCA in HCC development, it is plausible to speculate that AKK may reinforce the immunotherapy of PD\u20101mAb against HCC through its impact on bile acid metabolism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jgm.3639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]],"date-time":"2023-12-08T00:11:00Z","timestamp":1701994260000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["<scp><i>Akkermansia muciniphila<\/i><\/scp> might improve anti\u2010PD\u20101 therapy against HCC by changing host bile acid metabolism"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Xiucai","family":"Lan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics, Ren Ji Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai 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