{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T03:29:56Z","timestamp":1789702196582,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,6]],"date-time":"2006-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1157500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Gene Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>A critical component of the host defense against enteric infections is the immunological response of the mucosal membrane, a major starting point of infectious disease, such as typhoid fever. The mucosal immune system consists of an integrated network of lymphoid tissues, mucous membrane\u2010associated cells, and effector molecules. In the present study, we developed a recombinant <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium animalis<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>B. animalis<\/jats:italic>) genetically modified with the <jats:italic>Salmonella flagellin<\/jats:italic> gene for mucosal immunization as an oral typhoid vaccine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We constructed an oral vaccine against <jats:italic>Salmonella typhimurium<\/jats:italic>, consisting of recombinant <jats:italic>B. animalis<\/jats:italic> containing the <jats:italic>flagellin<\/jats:italic> gene of <jats:italic>Salmonella.<\/jats:italic> The recombinant <jats:italic>B. animalis<\/jats:italic> was administered orally to mice every other day for 6 weeks. Anti\u2010flagellin antibodies in the serum and stools were measured by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We detected significantly higher levels of flagellin\u2010specific IgA in the serum and stools of the mice treated with the recombinant <jats:italic>B. animalis<\/jats:italic> containing the <jats:italic>flagellin<\/jats:italic> gene than was seen in those treated with parental <jats:italic>B. animalis<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings suggest that an oral vaccination using recombinant <jats:italic>B. animalis<\/jats:italic> genetically modified with the <jats:italic>flagellin<\/jats:italic> gene of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> may be effective against <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> infections. Copyright \u00a9 2006 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jgm.963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,6]],"date-time":"2006-09-06T17:35:52Z","timestamp":1157564152000},"page":"1341-1346","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Genetically engineered <i>Bifidobacterium animalis<\/i> expressing the <i>Salmonella flagellin<\/i> gene for the mucosal immunization in a mouse model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Tetsuo","family":"Takata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiro","family":"Shirakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiko","family":"Kawasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shohiro","family":"Kinoshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akinobu","family":"Gotoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasunobu","family":"Kano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masato","family":"Kawabata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","first-page":"319","article-title":"Global typhoid burden refined","volume":"82","author":"WHO","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bull World Health Org"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.9.2.348-353.1974","article-title":"Vi antigen from Salmonella typhosa and immunity against typhoid fever. I. Isolation and immunologic properties in animals","volume":"9","author":"Wong KH","year":"1974","journal-title":"Infect Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","first-page":"9","article-title":"Immunogenicity of Ty21a attenuated \u201cSalmonella typhi\u201d given with sodium bicarbonate or in enteric\u2010coated capsules","volume":"53","author":"Black R","year":"1983","journal-title":"Dev Biol Stand"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.11.6586-6588.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)92266-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(99)00231-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.316.7125.110"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","first-page":"53","article-title":"Identification of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria","volume":"1","author":"Tannock GW","year":"1999","journal-title":"Curr Issues Mol Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","first-page":"117","volume-title":"Therapeutic Properties of Fermented Milks","author":"Kurmann JA","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/21.5.937"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.11.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1472-765X.1998.00285.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.61.1211"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1605(98)00005-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35101614"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.69.422"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.66.598"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.66.2362"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2003.12.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-7799(02)02075-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2002.tb00619.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN20041343"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2005.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00144-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_2","first-page":"180","article-title":"Enhancing immunogenicity by CpG DNA","volume":"5","author":"Jiang W","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Opin Mol Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.12.7014-7022.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4310","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.9.4310","article-title":"Identification of a natural T cell epitope presented by Salmonella\u2010infected macrophages and recognized by T cells from orally immunized mice","volume":"158","author":"Cookson BT","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.7.4424-4429.2001"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Gene Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjgm.963","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jgm.963","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T12:30:39Z","timestamp":1700051439000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jgm.963"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,6]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jgm.963"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jgm.963","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1099-498X","1521-2254"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1099-498X","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-2254","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,6]]}}}