{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T02:57:39Z","timestamp":1783133859817,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]],"date-time":"2025-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["eJHaem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The recently published fifth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification and the International Consensus Classification (ICC) of myeloid neoplasms diverge in their definitions of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Fundamentally, this current situation is problematic for two main reasons. First, the disagreement between the WHO and ICC reflects a conceptual conflict regarding the necessary and sufficient conditions for diagnosing AML. This leads to some confusion in areas such as nomenclature, therapeutic eligibility, clinical trial selection, and guidelines development. Second, in clinical practice, the two systems may assign different diagnoses to the same patient with a single disease entity. Such inconsistencies are unacceptable and highlight the urgent need for harmonization between the two classification systems.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Topic<\/jats:title><jats:p>In response, we put forward a proposal based on an unorthodox approach that combines philosophical reflections on essential and accidental properties with the latest clinical evidence concerning \u201cAML subtypes with defining genetic abnormalities,\u201d with the aim of initiating the unification of the WHO and ICC classification systems.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this review, we propose a preliminary recommendation for a unified WHO\u2010ICC classification of five AML subtypes: AML with <jats:italic>PML<\/jats:italic>::<jats:italic>RARA<\/jats:italic> rearrangement, AML with <jats:italic>NPM1<\/jats:italic> mutation, AML with <jats:italic>KMT2A<\/jats:italic> rearrangement, AML with <jats:italic>MECOM<\/jats:italic> rearrangement, and AML with in\u2010frame bZIP <jats:italic>CEBPA<\/jats:italic>. We hope that these initial efforts can be followed by a more definitive attempt to unify the WHO and ICC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title><jats:p>The authors have confirmed clinical trial registration is not needed for this submission.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jha2.70063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T05:59:47Z","timestamp":1748239187000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["What Is Acute Myeloid Leukemia?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0932-5800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel Mazza","family":"Matos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Flow Cytometry Division Cell Processing Center (CPC) Center of Hematology and Hemotherapy of Cear\u00e1 (HEMOCE)  Fortaleza Brazil"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR)  Fortaleza Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo Magalhaes","family":"Rego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of the University of S\u00e3o Paulo Department of Clinical Medicine of the Faculty of Medicine of USP University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022015849"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428\u2010022\u201003487\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375\u2010022\u201001613\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022015850"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.2724"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045\u2010024\u201001571\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000535607"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428\u2010022\u201003430\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqad097"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-019-6181-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hem3.70083"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.htct.2024.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.b.22151"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Concepts: Core Readings","author":"Laurence S.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","volume-title":"Medical Thinking: A Historical Preface","author":"King L. 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