{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T10:47:01Z","timestamp":1784198821190,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000873","name":"Queen's University Belfast","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000873","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["eJHaem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multiple myeloma is a haematological malignancy which is characterised by the proliferation of\u00a0cancerous\u00a0plasma cells in the bone marrow. The role of spinal surgery in the management of myeloma is debatable. Therefore, this retrospective study aimed to compare the outcomes of treatment of patients with myeloma whose spinal disease was managed surgically and\/or non\u2010surgically.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 159 patients were reviewed retrospectively. To compare the outcomes of treatment in both cohorts, three outcome measures were selected, including back\u2010pain reduction, neurological status, and survival duration. \u00a0In addition, the extent and distribution of vertebral disease was assessed using MRI Whole Spine reports.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was no significant difference in the percentage of patients in each cohort reporting back\u2010pain pretreatment and at the two follow\u2010up periods (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &gt; 0.05). Regarding neurological status, 23% of the surgical cohort improved, 53% remained stable and 7% deteriorated. In comparison, the non\u2010surgical cohort displayed no significant changes in neurological status post\u2010treatment. The mean duration of survival was significantly longer in the cohort who received surgery (77 vs. 24 months, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.014). However, the mean age of diagnosis was significantly lower in this cohort (59 vs. 71 years, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). T12 was the most commonly diseased vertebral level across both cohorts. At the time of diagnosis, the average number of diseased vertebrae per patient was 3.5 in the surgical cohort and 3.6 in the non\u2010surgical cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This comparative study has shown that back pain alone should not be an indication for spinal surgery. However, surgical intervention may successfully prevent neurological deterioration. Although surgical intervention is associated with prolonged survival, this may be confounded by demographic variables, such as age. Importantly, most patients displayed multi\u2010level disease at the time of diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Trial Registration:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The authors have confirmed clinical trial registration is not needed for this submission.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jha2.70071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T16:04:37Z","timestamp":1748793877000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Comparative Study of the Outcomes of Surgically Versus Non\u2010Surgically Treated Spinal Disease in Patients With Multiple Myeloma: Northern Ireland's Experience"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7134-8685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amber","family":"McCalmont","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen's University Belfast School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences Belfast UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nagy","family":"Darwish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Victoria Hospital Trauma and Orthopaedics Belfast UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Donaldson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Belfast City Hospital Health and Social Services Trust Haematology, Belfast City Hospital Belfast UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eiman Abdel","family":"Meguid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen's University Belfast School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences Belfast UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-017-0037-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmed.2022-0144"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.13577"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.12790"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679209154821"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.05.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.61.2267"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14444\/7112"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci9010003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12893-017-0288-9"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","article-title":"Surgical Intervention for Spinal Lesions due to Multiple Myeloma: A Case Report","volume":"15","author":"Almetrek M. A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11152308"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4329\/wjr.v7.i12.448"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.103205"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682231188816"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jor.2023.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","first-page":"100","volume-title":"Clinically Oriented Anatomy","author":"Moore K. 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