{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T13:04:42Z","timestamp":1788959082412,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019476","name":"Siriraj Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019476","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["eJHaem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to ascertain the prevalence of \u03b1\u03b1\u03b1<jats:sup>anti\u20103.7<\/jats:sup> and \u03b1\u03b1\u03b1<jats:sup>anti\u20104.2<\/jats:sup> triplications in central Thailand and to characterise the phenotypes of individuals harbouring these variants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a retrospective review of adult (\u2265\u00a018\u00a0years) samples submitted for polymerase chain reaction\u2010based \u03b1\u2010globin mutation analysis at Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok (January\u00a02012\u2013December\u00a02021). Haematological indices were compared between carriers and non\u2010carriers of \u03b1\u2010globin triplications, and clinical severity was assessed in those with co\u2010inherited \u03b2\u2010globin mutations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 1559 subjects, \u03b1\u2010globin triplication prevalence was 1.28%, with \u03b1\u03b1\u03b1<jats:sup>anti\u20104.2<\/jats:sup> (0.83%) more frequent than \u03b1\u03b1\u03b1<jats:sup>anti\u20103.7<\/jats:sup> (0.45%). Double heterozygosity for an \u03b1 triplication and a \u03b2\u2010globin mutation occurred in 0.9%. Individuals carrying \u03b1\u03b1\u03b1<jats:sup>anti\u20103.7<\/jats:sup> or \u03b1\u03b1\u03b1<jats:sup>anti\u20104.2<\/jats:sup> had lower mean haemoglobin levels (10.00\u00a0and 11.23\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.85\u00a0g\/dL, respectively) than those without triplication (12.35\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.59\u00a0g\/dL). Among heterozygous \u03b2\u2010thalassaemia individuals, co\u2010inheritance of \u03b1\u03b1\u03b1<jats:sup>anti\u20103.7<\/jats:sup> or \u03b1\u03b1\u03b1<jats:sup>anti\u20104.2<\/jats:sup> was associated with significantly reduced mean haemoglobin (8.38\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.58 and 8.28\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.15\u00a0g\/dL, respectively). This contrasts with the non\u2010triplication group (11.14\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.86\u00a0g\/dL). Of 14 subjects with double heterozygosity, 8 had thalassaemia intermedia and 6 had thalassaemia trait.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although uncommon in central Thailand, \u03b1\u2010globin triplications can exacerbate anaemia in individuals with co\u2010inherited heterozygous \u03b2\u2010globin mutations, supporting routine screening in symptomatic cases.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Trial Registration<\/jats:bold>: The authors have confirmed clinical trial registration is not needed for this submission.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jha2.70128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T09:04:29Z","timestamp":1756285469000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Alpha\u2010Globin Gene Triplication in Central Thailand: Prevalence, Haematological Findings and Clinical Impact With Co\u2010Inherited Beta\u2010Globin Mutations"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4673-9500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boonyanuch","family":"Dujjawan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Haematology Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingyong","family":"Chinthammitr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Haematology Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theera","family":"Ruchutrakool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Haematology Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chattree","family":"Hantaweepant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Haematology Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Guidelines for the care of thalassemia patients in general practice","author":"Thalassemia Foundation of Thailand","year":"2017"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4084\/mjhid.2018.054","article-title":"Prevalence of Thalassemia Among Newborns: A Re\u2010Visited After 20 Years of a Prevention and Control Program in Northeast Thailand","volume":"10","author":"Chaibunruang A.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1373\/49.10.1679","article-title":"Single\u2010Tube Multiplex\u2010PCR Screen for Anti\u20103.7 and Anti\u20104.2 \u03b1\u2010Globin Gene Triplications","volume":"49","author":"Wang W.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1080\/1024533050069882","article-title":"Jaundice and Alpha Gene Triplication in Beta\u2010Thalassemia: Association or Causation?","volume":"11","author":"Panigrahi I.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hematology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"320","article-title":"The Frequency of \u03b1\u2010Globin Gene Triplication in a Southern Chinese Population","volume":"32","author":"Wu M\u2010Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Hematology and Blood Transfusion"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1002\/jha2.262","article-title":"Alpha\u2010Globin Gene Triplication and Its Effect in Beta\u2010Thalassemia Carrier","volume":"2","author":"Hamid M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"eJHaem"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcmd.2005.12.003","article-title":"Prevalence of \u2212\u03b13.7 and \u03b1\u03b1\u03b1anti3.7 Alleles in Sickle Cell Trait and \u03b2\u2010Thalassemia Patients in Mexico","volume":"36","author":"Nava M. 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