{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:23:08Z","timestamp":1786123388309,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":123,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["eJHaem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The introduction of immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), such as thalidomide, lenalidomide and pomalidomide, have led to significant improvements in multiple myeloma (MM) treatment. Many patients now live 10 years or longer with their disease, making treatment\u2010related side effects increasingly important. Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a common side effect of IMiD therapy, with a substantial impact on patients\u2019 quality of life, and no preventive or targeted therapeutic strategies are currently available. This review explores pathomechanisms and genetic factors likely underlying IMiD\u2010induced PN, considering oxidative stress, microvascular changes, immune\u2010mediated injury and neuroinflammation, neurotrophin dysregulation, as well as heritable susceptibility. Particular focus is given to potential mechanisms explaining the distinct neurotoxicity profile of thalidomide compared to second\u2010generation IMiDs. In this context, the review highlights the need for standardized clinical trial assessments, larger genetic studies and robust preclinical models to elucidate causality and manage this complex toxicity effectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Trial Registration<\/jats:bold>\n                    : The authors have confirmed clinical trial registration is not needed for this submission.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jha2.70323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T08:17:22Z","timestamp":1780388242000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Biological Drivers of IMiD\u2010Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Multiple Myeloma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Sina A.","family":"Beer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Genetics and Epidemiology The Institute of Cancer Research  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Houlston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Genetics and Epidemiology The Institute of Cancer Research  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin F.","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Genetics and Epidemiology The Institute of Cancer Research  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15051558"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375\u2010021\u201001453\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470\u20102045(20)30756\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1244917"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11523\u2010022\u201000897\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1244851"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.656921"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.12458"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756\u20108722\u20102\u201036"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2012.119"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6600607"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960\u2010894X(99)00250\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.9b01928"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088\u2010200443050\u201000004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","first-page":"1964","article-title":"Thalidomide Metabolism by the CYP2C Subfamily","volume":"8","author":"Ando Y.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clinical Cancer Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280\u2010012\u20102040\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-016-0432-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0071754"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280\u2010011\u20101781\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2011.346"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13194978"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","first-page":"165","article-title":"Pathophysiology of Drug\u2010Induce Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients With Multiple Myeloma","volume":"69","author":"Luczkowska K.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","unstructured":"Foundation for Peripheral Neuropathy \u201cUnderstanding Peripheral Neuropathy \u201d accessed March 12 2026 https:\/\/www.foundationforpn.org\/understanding-peripheral-neuropathy\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","unstructured":"Stroke NIoNDa \u201cPeripheral Neuropathy \u201d accessed March 12 2026 https:\/\/www.ninds.nih.gov\/health-information\/disorders\/peripheral-neuropathy."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","first-page":"133","article-title":"The Evaluation of Peripheral Neuropathy. 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