{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T06:28:15Z","timestamp":1761719295513,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["eJHaem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health threat, especially in HIV patients who may experience immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) upon <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> infection. Diagnosing and defining IRIS in non\u2010HIV patients remains challenging. A 63\u2010year\u2010old male with acute leukaemia underwent induction therapy with a regimen containing fludarabine. Febrile neutropenia led to further investigations, revealing non\u2010cavitary pulmonary TB, prompting anti\u2010tuberculosis therapy (ATT) alongside resumed leukaemia treatment with sorafenib. Persistent extra\u2010pulmonary TB, specifically lymph node involvement, were observed and IRIS was suspected, evidenced by enlarged lymphadenopathies, scrofula, and skin lesions that developed during the 13\u2010month course of ATT, with no recurrence after its cessation. This article explores a case of lymph node TB\u2010associated paradoxical IRIS in a non\u2010HIV leukaemia patient, revealing the intricate interplay between tuberculosis and haematological malignancies and emphasizing the lack of standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment consensus. Challenges in lymph node TB diagnosis and management highlight the need for tailored therapeutic approaches. The report explores the potential immunomodulatory effects of fludarabine and sorafenib, questioning their roles in TB\u2010IRIS. This case illuminates TB\u2010IRIS dynamics in non\u2010HIV patients, urging further research and collaborative efforts to enhance understanding and outcomes. As medical complexities persist, personalized therapeutic approaches and advancements in TB\u2010IRIS research are crucial.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jha2.912","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T12:39:24Z","timestamp":1715949564000},"page":"593-598","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Lymph node tuberculosis\u2010associated paradoxical immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in a non\u2010HIV patient: Case report and review of literature"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6179-9534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 Rodrigues","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juliana","family":"Bastos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Diseases Department Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lurdes","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Silva\u2010Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(22)00359-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00227-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2016.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000000446"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2019-232639"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(08)70184-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.14074"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2015.20.65.5782"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"50","article-title":"Difficulties in managing lymph node tuberculosis","volume":"21","author":"Gupta PR","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lung India"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10428199809058369"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1913938"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.12555"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"671","article-title":"A case of tuberculosis that occurred during treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with sorafenib","volume":"88","author":"Kobayashi Y","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kekkaku"}],"container-title":["eJHaem"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jha2.912","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]],"date-time":"2024-08-20T15:40:50Z","timestamp":1724168450000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jha2.912"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jha2.912"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jha2.912","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2688-6146","2688-6146"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2688-6146"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2688-6146"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-04-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-04-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-05-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}