{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:38:30Z","timestamp":1791999510674,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,9]],"date-time":"2018-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1515456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Hepato Biliary Pancreat"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Antimicrobial therapy is a mainstay of the management for patients with acute cholangitis and\/or cholecystitis. The Tokyo Guidelines 2018 (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    18) provides recommendations for the appropriate use of antimicrobials for community\u2010acquired and healthcare\u2010associated infections. The listed agents are for empirical therapy provided before the infecting isolates are identified. Antimicrobial agents are listed by class\u2010definitions and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    18 severity grade I,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    subcategorized by clinical settings. In the era of emerging and increasing antimicrobial resistance, monitoring and updating local antibiograms is underscored. Prudent antimicrobial usage and early de\u2010escalation or termination of antimicrobial therapy are now important parts of decision\u2010making. What is new in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    18 is that the duration of antimicrobial therapy for both acute cholangitis and cholecystitis is systematically reviewed. Prophylactic antimicrobial usage for elective endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is no longer recommended and the section was deleted in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    18. Free full articles and mobile app of TG18 are available at:\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.jshbps.jp\/modules\/en\/index.php?content_id=47\">http:\/\/www.jshbps.jp\/modules\/en\/index.php?content_id=47<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    . Related clinical questions and references are also included.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jhbp.518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]],"date-time":"2017-11-01T05:42:38Z","timestamp":1509514958000},"page":"3-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":391,"title":["Tokyo Guidelines 2018: antimicrobial therapy for acute cholangitis and cholecystitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Harumi","family":"Gomi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health Mito Kyodo General Hospital University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph S.","family":"Solomkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Schlossberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lewis Katz 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