{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T19:44:13Z","timestamp":1773776653349,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764720000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23K08149"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23K08149"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Hepato Biliary Pancreat"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Time\u2010in therapeutic range (TTR) is defined as the time a drug concentration remains within the therapeutic range. To explore the optimal management of calcineurin inhibitor (CNI), we investigated how TTR percentage (TTR%) in two different CNI protocols relates to short\u2010term outcomes after living\u2010donor liver transplantation (LDLT).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TTR% was estimated for two different protocols in 352 adult LDLT recipients over 90\u2009days in this retrospective, single\u2010center study. Short\u2010term outcomes were compared among the TTR% groups in each protocol.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Higher TTR% was associated with better acute rejection\u2010free survival: 96.2%, 86.1%, 74.7%, and 38.9% for TTR% \u2265\u200960%, \u2265\u200950%\u2013&lt;\u200960%, \u2265\u200940%\u2013&lt;\u200950%, and &lt;\u200940%, in the low\u2010target protocol, respectively (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001, log\u2010rank test); 73.7%, 74.3%, 63.6%, and 48.3%, in the high\u2010target protocol, respectively (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003). The incidence of adverse events was similar among TTR% groups in each protocol. Multivariate analysis revealed higher TTR% was protective for rejection\u2010free survival, and this trend was particularly pronounced in the low\u2010target protocol.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High TTR%, reflecting well\u2010controlled CNI levels, was associated with better outcomes after LDLT. The outcome of high TTR% in low\u2010target protocol seems better, but further prospective validation is warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jhbp.70046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T04:29:53Z","timestamp":1764822593000},"page":"168-180","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association Between Time\u2010In\u2010Therapeutic Range of Calcineurin Inhibitor Trough Level and Short\u2010Term Outcomes of Recipients After Adult Living\u2010Donor Liver Transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Ryugen","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Artificial Organ and Transplantation Surgery Division, Department of Surgery Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo  Bunkyo\u2010ku Tokyo 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