{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T07:53:47Z","timestamp":1791359627980,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Hepato Biliary Pancreat"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n A temperature\u2010controlled radiofrequency ablation (TC\u2010RFA) system has been introduced to reduce excessive thermal damage and enable safer treatment. However, the ablation effect of this system remains to be fully elucidated. Therefore, this ex\u00a0vivo study aimed to directly compare the ablation characteristics of the TC\u2010RFA with those of a power\u2010controlled RFA (PC\u2010RFA).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Pig liver specimens were used. The TC\u2010RFA using all four probe types and the PC\u2010RFA were performed step\u2010by\u2010step to macroscopically evaluate the ablation area and speed. Linear regression models with interaction terms were used to compare changes in ablation dimensions over time between RFA devices and probes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The TC\u2010RFA produced different short\u2010axis ablation diameters depending on the probe even at the same temperature setting and generated an ablation effect at an earlier time, with substantially less change in ablation dimensions over time than the PC\u2010RFA. In contrast, the PC\u2010RFA had the slowest onset, but its ablation area continued to increase in width and depth with longer ablation durations. These differences in ablation behavior over time were statistically significant (Holm\u2010adjusted\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n In these exploratory ex\u00a0vivo experiments, the TC\u2010RFA system produced earlier and more consistent ablation effects over time than the PC\u2010RFA system.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jhbp.70197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T07:41:52Z","timestamp":1791358912000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ex Vivo Comparative Experiments Demonstrating the Ablation Effect of a Temperature\u2010Controlled Radiofrequency Ablation System"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9507-2239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenjiro","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Tokyo Medical University Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Akita University Graduate School of Medicine Akita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takao","family":"Itoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Tokyo Medical University Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0700-2225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuki","family":"Joyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Tokyo Medical University Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2586-0635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takayoshi","family":"Tsuchiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Tokyo Medical University Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3999-2847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryosuke","family":"Tonozuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Tokyo Medical University Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5737-620X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuntaro","family":"Mukai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Tokyo Medical University Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1904-6191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazumasa","family":"Nagai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Tokyo Medical University Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6043-8379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Kojima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Tokyo Medical University Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0885-7151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Nanjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Akita University Hospital Akita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3482-9979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katsunori","family":"Iijima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Akita University Graduate School of Medicine Akita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1111\/den.14059","article-title":"Updated Evidence on the Clinical Impact of Endoscopic Radiofrequency Ablation in the Treatment of Malignant Biliary Obstruction","volume":"34","author":"Inoue T.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Digestive Endoscopy"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E23","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2204-8316","article-title":"Intraductal Radiofrequency Ablation Plus Biliary Stent Versus Stent Alone for Malignant Biliary Obstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"12","author":"Oliveira Veras M.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Endoscopy International Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2378-9533","article-title":"Endoluminal Radiofrequency Ablation With Stenting Versus Stenting Alone in Patients With Malignant Biliary Obstruction: A Meta\u2010Analysis of Randomized Trials","volume":"57","author":"Ramai D.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1111\/den.14986","article-title":"Verification in an Animal Study of the Appropriate Settings for a Novel Radiofrequency Generator in Radiofrequency Ablation Therapy for Residual Intraductal Lesions After Endoscopic Papillectomy (With Video)","volume":"37","author":"Yamamoto K.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Digestive Endoscopy"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-113559","article-title":"A New Intraductal Radiofrequency Ablation Device for Inoperable Biliopancreatic Tumors Complicated by Obstructive Jaundice: The IGNITE\u20101 Study","volume":"49","author":"Laleman W.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-020-07689-z","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of Palliative Endobiliary Radiofrequency Ablation Using a Novel Temperature\u2010Controlled Catheter for Malignant Biliary Stricture: A Single\u2010Center Prospective Randomized Phase II TRIAL","volume":"35","author":"Kang H.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Surgical Endoscopy"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1002\/jhbp.1082","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of Temperature\u2010Controlled Intraductal Radiofrequency Ablation in Advanced Malignant Hilar Biliary Obstruction: A Pilot Multicenter Randomized Comparative Trial","volume":"29","author":"Kang H.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Hepato\u2010Biliary\u2010Pancreatic Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.3390\/gidisord2030027","article-title":"Standardization of a Radiofrequency Ablation Tool in an Ex\u2010Vivo Porcine Liver Model","volume":"2","author":"Rossi G.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastrointestinal Disorders"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-013-3232-9","article-title":"Endoscopic Radiofrequency Ablation for Malignant Biliary Obstruction: A Nationwide Retrospective Study of 84 Consecutive Applications","volume":"28","author":"Dolak W.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Surgical 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O.","year":"2014","journal-title":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2021.109830","article-title":"The Combination of Endoluminal Radiofrequency Ablation and Metal Stent Implantation for the Treatment of Malignant Biliary Stenosis \u2010 Randomized Study","volume":"142","author":"Andrasina T.","year":"2021","journal-title":"European Journal of Radiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2022.05.022","article-title":"Impact of Endobiliary Radiofrequency Ablation on Biliary Drainage in Patients With Malignant Biliary Strictures Treated With Uncovered Self\u2010Expandable Metal Stents: A Randomized Controlled Multicenter Trial","volume":"96","author":"Albers D.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gastrointestinal Endoscopy"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0206694","article-title":"Endobiliary Radiofrequency Ablation for Distal Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: A Clinicopathological Study","volume":"13","author":"Kim E. J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.14657","article-title":"The Safety of Newly Developed Automatic Temperature\u2010Controlled Endobiliary Radiofrequency Ablation System for Malignant Biliary Strictures: A Prospective Multicenter Study","volume":"34","author":"Lee Y. N.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1293","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0970-9005","article-title":"Intraductal Temperature\u2010Controlled Radiofrequency Ablation in Malignant Hilar Obstruction: A Preliminary Study in Animals and Initial Human Experience","volume":"7","author":"Kim E. 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