{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T13:05:58Z","timestamp":1784120758288,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":86,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J History Behavioral Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Everett Shostrom's 1965\n                    <jats:italic>Three Approaches to Psychotherapy<\/jats:italic>\n                    films were created and used as demonstrations of how to do psychotherapy. After a brief account of how they came about, precises of the three films are presented to highlight major differences among them. These are followed by descriptions of post\u2010filming reactions and interactions of the participants\u2014Gloria Szymanski, Carl Rogers, Fritz Perls, and Albert Ellis. Consideration then is given to the possible impact of the \u201cGloria Films\u201d on Americans' acceptance of psychotherapy as a pathway to self\u2010improvement that competed with more longstanding views of psychotherapy as applied to the alleviation of serious mental illness. It is also argued that more recently, the films have been used to demonstrate how\n                    <jats:italic>not<\/jats:italic>\n                    to do psychotherapy and to reveal how psychotherapy can exploit as well as help. This work is a close study of the films that attempts to explain their enduring relevance and impact, while also providing an example of how changing historical, biographical, and sociocultural contexts must be considered in any commendations or criticisms concerning applied psychological practices such as psychotherapy. Particular attention is paid to Gloria Szymanski as central to the films' enduring impact.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jhbs.70062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T11:20:51Z","timestamp":1782472851000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The 1965 \u201cGloria Films,\u201d Then and Now"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Jack","family":"Martin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Simon Fraser University Burnaby Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195168273.003.0014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","volume-title":"The Human Condition","author":"Arendt H.","year":"1958"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","volume-title":"The Individualized Society","author":"Bauman Z.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","volume-title":"Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity","author":"Beck U.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","volume-title":"Living With the Gloria Films: A Daughter's Memory","author":"Burry P. 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S.","year":"1969"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","volume-title":"Fritz","author":"Shepard M. L.","year":"1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","volume-title":"A History of Electroconvulsive Treatment in Mental Illness","author":"Shorter E.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","volume-title":"Three Approaches to Psychotherapy [Film]","author":"Shostrom E.","year":"1965"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","volume-title":"One Nation Under Therapy: How the Helping Culture Is Eroding Self\u2010Reliance","author":"Sommers C. H.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0952695117722720"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","first-page":"91","volume-title":"Pioneers in Counseling and Development: Personal and Professional Perspectives","author":"Weinrach S. G.","year":"1990"}],"container-title":["Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jhbs.70062","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jhbs.70062","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jhbs.70062","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T12:23:47Z","timestamp":1784118227000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jhbs.70062"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jhbs.70062"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jhbs.70062","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-5061","1520-6696"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-5061","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-6696","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70062"}}