{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T20:29:05Z","timestamp":1783024145370,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,16]],"date-time":"2025-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,16]],"date-time":"2025-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["shmpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Hospital Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Graduate medical education policies surrounding parental leave, lactation support, and childcare resources vary widely. Limited studies focus on the perceptions of residents and fellows regarding childbearing and parenting during training.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore physician trainee experiences with pregnancy and parenthood to inform policies and strengthen support for physicians\u2010in\u2010training.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We interviewed trainee parents between May and June 2022 at a large institution using structured interviews conducted virtually, transcribed, and deidentified. We independently coded interview transcripts and used inductive and deductive analysis to identify key themes and representative quotations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We interviewed 28 participants (mean age 32.6 (2.8) years, 23 [82%] women, 5 [29%] surgical specialty) and identified five major themes: (1) The timeline of training creates unique challenges for family planning, related to parental age, infertility\/miscarriage, and geographic limitations for partner\/family support; (2) Trainee parents rely on support from their partner, extended family, and friends\/co\u2010trainees; (3) Trainee parents report misinformation and lack of transparency with parental leave policies; (4) The work environment poses significant challenges to meeting breastfeeding goals; and (5) Trainee parents report inadequate and unreliable childcare, related to limited availability, cost, and lack of back\u2010up childcare options.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Trainee parents face unique challenges related to pregnancy and raising a family during their graduate medical education. Trainees would benefit from improved communication related to parental leave policies, breastfeeding education for faculty, on\u2010site childcare, and stipends for childcare\/breast pumps. These results have important implications for institutional policies and reveal additional opportunities to promote trainee parents' wellness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jhm.70237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,16]],"date-time":"2025-11-16T16:34:02Z","timestamp":1763310842000},"page":"724-731","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A qualitative study of physician trainee experiences with pregnancy and parenthood"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4976-969X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maia","family":"Taft","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Rifkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4115-7288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleanor","family":"Sharp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3916-8260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Traci M.","family":"Kazmerski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Center for Innovative Research on Gender Health Equity (CONVERGE) University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000001006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0b013e3181d2cb5b"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2015.5638"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2017.06.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000002948"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.878"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46747\/cfp.6805356"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"990","article-title":"Motherhood during residency training: challenges and strategies","volume":"51","author":"Walsh A","year":"2005","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10401334.2022.2141750"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"140","article-title":"Parenting during residency: providing support for Dr mom and Dr dad","volume":"48","author":"Morris L","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fam Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2018.07.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000313480907500512"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10872981.2022.2079395"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2020.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jhm.12914"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2023.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000003079"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2019.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22454\/FamMed.2019.759632"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.70.4.654"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334414568119"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2018.0022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2018.0320"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12788\/cutis.0527"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","unstructured":"ACGME Blog. 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