{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T08:18:27Z","timestamp":1787818707493,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000226","name":"Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["shmpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Hospital Medicine"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Community\u2010acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a leading cause of hospitalization and mortality. The influence of sociodemographic characteristics on adverse outcomes in adults hospitalized with CAP remains poorly understood, particularly for patients younger than 65.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate associations between baseline sociodemographic characteristics and a composite outcome of intensive care unit (ICU) admission or in\u2010hospital mortality, and whether these differed across age strata (18\u201339, 40\u201364, and \u226565 years).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a multicentre, retrospective, cohort study of adults \u226518 years hospitalized with CAP between 2015 and 2024 in Ontario. Using generalized linear mixed models stratified by age, we evaluated the adjusted effects of clinical (i.e., comorbidity and illness severity) and sociodemographic characteristics (i.e., age, sex, four dimensions of neighborhood\u2010level marginalization) with the composite outcome. We compared the contribution to model fit of these variable groups using nested likelihood ratio tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 84,356 hospitalizations, males had higher adjusted odds of the composite outcome across all age groups (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] range: 1.25\u20131.48), while residence in areas with higher concentrations of racialized\/newcomer populations was associated with lower odds of the composite outcome (aOR range: 0.89\u20130.96). Nested likelihood ratio tests showed that clinical characteristics contributed substantially more to outcome variation than sociodemographic factors (\u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      1682 vs. 145 in the \u226565 stratum).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were associated with severe CAP outcomes, but clinical factors accounted for a greater proportion of outcome variation. Incorporating sociodemographic information, including sex, age, and marginalization measures, into early assessment may improve identification of patients at higher risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jhm.70430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T07:41:01Z","timestamp":1787816461000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The association between sociodemographic and clinical factors and outcomes among inpatients with community\u2010acquired pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Farhana","family":"Islam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Health Evaluative Sciences, SickKids Research Institute Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Surain B.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3457-0696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah L.","family":"Malecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Loffler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leo","family":"Hersi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Health Evaluative Sciences, SickKids Research Institute Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0448-9934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony D.","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease Queen's University Kingston Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amol A.","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahad","family":"Razak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Health Evaluative Sciences, SickKids Research Institute Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay","family":"Mahant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Health Evaluative Sciences, SickKids Research Institute Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-0715-7_34","volume-title":"Metabolism of Human Diseases","author":"Sialer S","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","article-title":"Community\u2010acquired pneumonia","volume":"2010","author":"Loeb M","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ Clin Evid"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp2303286","article-title":"Community\u2010acquired pneumonia. 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