{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T06:59:24Z","timestamp":1790146764216,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["shmpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Hospital Medicine"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Low\u2010value care (LVC), or care in which potential risk outweighs perceived benefits, continues to impact pediatric populations. While pediatric healthcare delivery is known to vary across racial and ethnic groups, little is known about the relationship between race and ethnicity and LVC. We sought to evaluate this relationship among hospitalized children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional study applied the Pediatric Health Information System LVC Calculator to encounters from July 1, 2022 to June 30, 2024. We used generalized estimating equation models to analyze differences in LVC across seven groups (Non\u2010Hispanic White, Non\u2010Hispanic Black, Hispanic, Asian, American Indian or Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, and Other or Multiracial). For measures with across\u2010group differences, we performed pairwise comparisons to assess differential odds of LVC receipt with the Non\u2010Hispanic White group as a referent. We then performed a subanalysis applying these methods to only the largest groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 14 eligible measures, LVC varied across racial and ethnic groups for seven. Patterns varied by measure, with no group demonstrating consistently high or low LVC. Measures with the greatest variation across groups included head computed tomography for first seizure, concurrent use of antipsychotics, and broad\u2010spectrum antibiotics for uncomplicated community\u2010acquired pneumonia. Our subanalysis demonstrated similar findings, with across\u2010group differences noted for eight measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified differences in LVC receipt by race and ethnicity for some services among hospitalized patients, without consistency in patterns across measures. Further evaluation of drivers and outcomes associated with these patterns is needed; our findings may assist in prioritizing deimplementation efforts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jhm.70486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T06:00:10Z","timestamp":1790143210000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Racial and ethnic differences in hospital\u2010based low\u2010value pediatric care"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6299-064X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisha","family":"McCoy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6493-0077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan E.","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Emory University Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7978-9045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jillian M.","family":"Cotter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4887-6590","authenticated-orcid":false,"family":"Natalie Grills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital Association Lenexa Kansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7778-5887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matt","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital Association Lenexa Kansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1616-7721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Markham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City University of Missouri\u2010Kansas City School of Medicine Kansas City Missouri USA"},{"name":"University of Kansas School of Medicine Kansas City Kansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6290-568X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Molloy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1636-6870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle","family":"Polich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Rady Children's Hospital San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Steiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Oklahoma University College of Medicine Oklahoma City Oklahoma USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4174-6744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John R.","family":"Stephens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9710-8920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J.","family":"Tchou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1095-5364","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"II","given":"Ronald","family":"Teufel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Rady Children's Hospital San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8899-4040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irma","family":"Ugalde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9878-5376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics UT Southwestern and Children's Health Dallas Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7459-4054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha A.","family":"House","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Dartmouth Health Children's Lebanon New Hampshire USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.35184","article-title":"Development and use of a calculator to measure pediatric low\u2010value care delivered in US children's hospitals","volume":"4","author":"House SA","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.12788\/jhm.3291","article-title":"Impact of the choosing wisely campaign recommendations for hospitalized children on clinical practice: trends from 2008 to 2017","volume":"15","author":"Reyes MA","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hosp Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2023-062492","article-title":"Trends in low\u2010value care among children's hospitals","volume":"153","author":"House SA","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-1809","article-title":"Use of low\u2010value pediatric services among the commercially insured","volume":"138","author":"Chua KP","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"17","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.3308","article-title":"Reducing low\u2010value care and improving health care value","volume":"325","author":"Oakes AH","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1200\/JOP.2015.004283","article-title":"Reframing overuse in health care: time to focus on the harms","volume":"11","author":"Hicks LK","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Oncol Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-2325","article-title":"Differences in the receipt of Low\u2010Value services between publicly and privately insured children","volume":"145","author":"Chua KP","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"1693","article-title":"Racial and ethnic inequities in children's neighborhoods: evidence from the new child opportunity index 2.0","volume":"39","author":"Acevedo\u2010Garcia D","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Aff"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.14468","article-title":"Racial and ethnic differences in low\u2010value pediatric emergency care","volume":"29","author":"Li J","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0009.12107","article-title":"Race\/ethnicity and overuse of care: a systematic review","volume":"93","author":"Kressin NR","year":"2015","journal-title":"Milbank Q"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2023-065524","article-title":"Childhood opportunity index and low\u2010value care in children's hospitals","volume":"154","author":"Ugalde IT","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2016.1416","article-title":"For selected services, blacks and Hispanics more likely to receive low\u2010value care than whites","volume":"36","author":"Schpero WL","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health Aff"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2023-074908","article-title":"Racial differences in low value care among older adult medicare patients in US health systems: retrospective cohort study","volume":"383","author":"Ganguli I","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.12559","article-title":"Socioeconomic differences in use of Low\u2010Value cancer screenings and distributional effects in medicare","volume":"52","author":"Xu WY","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.18865\/ed.29.S1.93","article-title":"Promoting health equity through de\u2010implementation research","volume":"29","author":"Helfrich CD","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ethn Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-015-1106-7","article-title":"Race\/ethnicity, and Americans\u2019 perceptions and experiences of over\u2010 and under\u2010use of care: a cross\u2010sectional study","volume":"15","author":"Kressin NR","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.33710","article-title":"Racial and ethnic differences in emergency department diagnostic imaging at US children's hospitals, 2016\u20102019","volume":"4","author":"Marin JR","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.14543","article-title":"Racial differences in low\u2010value pediatric emergency care in general emergency departments","volume":"29","author":"Li J","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2025-072242","article-title":"Low\u2010value emergency care and racial and ethnic differences across US children's hospitals","volume":"157","author":"Rosen RH","year":"2026","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1002\/jhm.13280","article-title":"Improving healthcare value: the need to explicitly address equity in high\u2010value care","volume":"19","author":"Liang D","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hosp Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(23)00251-1","article-title":"Racial and ethnic inequities in the quality of paediatric care in the USA: a review of quantitative evidence","volume":"8","author":"Slopen N","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2017.08.007","article-title":"The child opportunity index and disparities in pediatric asthma hospitalizations across one ohio metropolitan area, 2011\u20102013","volume":"190","author":"Beck AF","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000105","article-title":"On the causal interpretation of race in regressions adjusting for confounding and mediating variables","volume":"25","author":"VanderWeele TJ","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e225","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-3109","article-title":"Race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status in research on child health","volume":"135","author":"Cheng TL","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","unstructured":"ABIM Foundation.Choosing wisely: An initiative of the ABIM Foundation. n.d. Retrieved September 18 2026 fromhttps:\/\/www.choosingwisely.org\/"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-3269","article-title":"Categorization of national pediatric quality measures","volume":"139","author":"House SA","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","unstructured":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.Pediatric Quality Measures Program. September 18 2026.https:\/\/www.ahrq.gov\/pqmp\/measures\/index.html"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1542\/hpeds.2017-0029","article-title":"Choosing wisely campaign: report card and achievable benchmarks of care for children's hospitals","volume":"7","author":"Reyes M","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hosp Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-14-199","article-title":"Pediatric complex chronic conditions classification system version 2: updated for ICD\u201010 and complex medical technology dependence and transplantation","volume":"14","author":"Feudtner C","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","unstructured":"Children's Hospital Association. High\u2010intensity neurologic impairment codes. n.d. Retrieved September 18 2026 fromhttps:\/\/www.childrenshospitals.org\/content\/analytics\/toolkit\/high-intensity-neurologic-impairment-codes"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SchroederAR DahlenA PuringtonN et al.Healthcare utilization in children across the care continuum during the COVID\u201019 pandemic.ChenTH ed.PLOS ONE.2022;17(10):e0276461.doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0276461","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0276461"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.045","article-title":"Confirming racial\/ethnic disparities in the management of severe bronchiolitis","volume":"58","author":"Zheng DX","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.13951","article-title":"Analysis of racial and ethnic diversity of population served and imaging used in US children's hospital emergency departments","volume":"5","author":"Samuels\u2010Kalow ME","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000001282","article-title":"Racial\/Ethnic variation in emergency department care for children with asthma","volume":"35","author":"Zook HG","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-0203","article-title":"Racial and ethnic differences in antibiotic use for viral illness in emergency departments","volume":"140","author":"Goyal MK","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2016.08.041","article-title":"Variation in advanced imaging for pediatric patients with abdominal pain discharged from the ED","volume":"34","author":"Horner KB","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.14274","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in bronchiolitis management in freestanding children's hospitals","volume":"28","author":"Honcoop AC","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","unstructured":"CDC.Most Recent National Asthma Data: National Center for Environmental Health;2021. Available fromhttps:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/asthma\/most_recent_national_asthma_data.htm."},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-043956","article-title":"Association between early bronchiolitis and the development of childhood asthma: a meta\u2010analysis","volume":"11","author":"Wang G","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiad093","article-title":"Bronchiolitis, regardless of its etiology and severity, is associated with increased risk of asthma: a population\u2010based study","volume":"228","author":"Mu\u00f1oz\u2010Quiles C","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0b013e3283292207","article-title":"Asthma and ethnic minorities: socioeconomic status and beyond","volume":"9","author":"Forno E","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2025.114824","article-title":"Racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in childhood asthma recovery in the United States","volume":"288","author":"Khanjahani E","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2019.03.002","article-title":"Racial and ethnic differences in diagnostic imaging utilization during adult emergency department visits in the United States, 2005 to 2014","volume":"16","author":"Schrager JD","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2020.12.016","article-title":"Patient race\/ethnicity and diagnostic imaging utilization in the emergency department: a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Shan A","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.09.3847","article-title":"Knowledge and attitudes of emergency department patients regarding radiation risk of CT: effects of age, sex, race, education, insurance, body mass index, pain, and seriousness of illness","volume":"195","author":"Takakuwa KM","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0b013e31820d64f7","article-title":"A survey of emergency physicians\u2019 fear of malpractice and its association with the decision to order computed tomography scans for children with minor head trauma","volume":"27","author":"Wong AC","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2022.01625","article-title":"Antipsychotic medication use in medicaid\u2010insured children decreased substantially between 2008 and 2016","volume":"42","author":"Bushnell G","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Aff"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.02.018","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in treatment of youth with bipolar disorders","volume":"65","author":"Fontanella CA","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.03.027","article-title":"Pharmacologic restraint use during mental health visits in pediatric emergency departments","volume":"236","author":"Foster AA","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2020.0055","article-title":"Antipsychotics in inpatient children and adolescents with seclusion and restraint: a preliminary exploratory retrospective chart review","volume":"31","author":"Albers C","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2005.08.007","article-title":"Recognizing and monitoring adverse events of second\u2010generation antipsychotics in children and adolescents","volume":"15","author":"Correll CU","year":"2006","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-022-01950-7","article-title":"First do no harm: use off\u2010label antipsychotic medication in children and adolescents with great caution","volume":"31","author":"Hoekstra PJ","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2022-058227","article-title":"Disparities in pediatric mental and behavioral health conditions","volume":"150","author":"Hoffmann JA","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2023-062286","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities for unmet needs by mental health condition: 2016 to 2021","volume":"153","author":"Chang AR","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000000392","article-title":"Standardized data collection practices and the racial\/ethnic distribution of hospitalized patients","volume":"53","author":"Chakkalakal RJ","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2023.05.011","article-title":"The accuracy of race & ethnicity data in US based healthcare databases: a systematic review","volume":"226","author":"Johnson JA","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Surg"}],"container-title":["Journal of Hospital Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/shmpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jhm.70486","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/shmpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jhm.70486","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/shmpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jhm.70486","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T06:00:20Z","timestamp":1790143220000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/shmpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jhm.70486"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jhm.70486"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jhm.70486","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-5592","1553-5606"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-5592","type":"print"},{"value":"1553-5606","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"jhm.70486"}}