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Our objective was to determine whether\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIDS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010defining events (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s) were associated with increased overall and cause\u2010specific non\u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIDS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      related mortality after antiretroviral therapy (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ART<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) initiation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We included\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      treatment\u2010na\u00efve adults from the Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort Collaboration (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ART<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) who initiated\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ART<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      from 1996 to 2014. Causes of death were assigned using the Coding Causes of Death in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (CoDe) protocol. The adjusted hazard ratio (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aHR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) for overall and cause\u2010specific non\u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIDS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      mortality among those with an\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (all\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s, tuberculosis (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ),\n                      <jats:italic>Pneumocystis jiroveci<\/jats:italic>\n                      pneumonia (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PJP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), and non\u2010Hodgkin's lymphoma (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NHL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      )) compared to those without an\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      was estimated using a marginal structural model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The adjusted hazard of overall non\u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIDS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      mortality was higher among those with any\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      compared to those without any\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aHR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      2.21, 95% confidence interval (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) 2.00 to 2.43). The adjusted hazard of each of the cause\u2010specific non\u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIDS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      related deaths were higher among those with any\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      compared to those without, except metabolic deaths (malignancy\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aHR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      2.59 (95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      2.13 to 3.14), accident\/suicide\/overdose\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aHR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      1.37 (95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      1.05 to 1.79), cardiovascular\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aHR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      1.95 (95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      1.54 to 2.48), infection\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aHR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      1.68 to 2.81), hepatic\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aHR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      2.09 (95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      1.61 to 2.72), respiratory\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aHR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      4.28 (95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      2.67 to 6.88), renal\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aHR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      5.81 (95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      2.69 to 12.56) and central nervous\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aHR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      1.53 (95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      1.18 to 5.44)). The risk of overall and cause\u2010specific non\u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIDS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      mortality differed depending on the specific\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      of interest (TB, PJP, NHL).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this large multi\u2010centre cohort collaboration with standardized assignment of causes of death, non\u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIDS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      mortality was twice as high among patients with an\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      compared to without an\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . However, non\u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIDS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      related mortality after an\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      depended on the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      of interest. Although there may be unmeasured confounders, these findings suggest that a common pathway may be independently driving both\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NADE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      mortality. While prevention of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s may reduce subsequent death due to\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NADE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s following\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ART<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      initiation, modification of risk factors for\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NADE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      mortality remains important after\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      survival.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,16]],"date-time":"2018-01-16T07:06:28Z","timestamp":1516086388000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Increased non\u2010\n                    <scp>AIDS<\/scp>\n                    mortality among persons with\n                    <scp>AIDS<\/scp>\n                    \u2010defining events after antiretroviral therapy initiation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8832-0866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"April C","family":"Pettit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark J","family":"Giganti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics 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