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Using a randomized experiment in northeast South Africa, we found that a conditional cash transfer (CCT<\/jats:styled-content>) targeted to poor girls in high school reduced the risk of physical intimate partner violence (IPV<\/jats:styled-content>) in the past 12\u00a0months by 34%. The purpose of this analysis is to understand the pathways through which the CCT<\/jats:styled-content> affects IPV<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>HPTN 068 was a phase 3, randomized controlled trial in rural Mpumalanga province, South Africa. Eligible young women (aged 13\u201320) and their parents or guardians were randomly assigned (1:1) to either receive a monthly cash transfer conditional on monthly high school attendance or no cash transfer. Between 2011 and 2015, participants (N\u00a0=\u00a02,448) were interviewed at baseline, then at annual follow\u2010up visits at 12, 24 and 36\u00a0months. The total effect of the CCT<\/jats:styled-content> on IPV<\/jats:styled-content> was estimated using a GEE<\/jats:styled-content> log\u2010binomial regression model. We then estimated controlled direct effects to examine mediation of direct effects through intermediate pathways. Mediators include sexual partnership measures, the sexual relationship power scale, and household consumption measures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>We found evidence that the CCT<\/jats:styled-content> works in part through delaying sexual debut or reducing the number of sexual partners. The intervention interacts with these mediators leading to larger reductions in IPV<\/jats:styled-content> risk compared to the total effect of the CCT<\/jats:styled-content> on any physical IPV<\/jats:styled-content> [RR<\/jats:styled-content> 0.66, CI<\/jats:styled-content>(95%):0.59\u20130.74]. The largest reductions are seen when we estimate the controlled direct effect under no sexual debut [RR<\/jats:styled-content> 0.57, CI<\/jats:styled-content>(95%):0.48\u20130.65] or under no sexual partner in the last 12\u00a0months [RR<\/jats:styled-content> 0.53, CI<\/jats:styled-content>(95%):0.46\u20130.60].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>Results indicate that a CCT<\/jats:styled-content> for high school girls has protective effects on their experience of IPV<\/jats:styled-content> and that the effect is due in part to girls choosing not to engage in sexual partnerships, thereby reducing the opportunity for IPV<\/jats:styled-content>. As a lower exposure to IPV<\/jats:styled-content> and safer sexual behaviours also protect against HIV<\/jats:styled-content> acquisition, this study adds to the growing body of evidence on how cash transfers may reduce young women's HIV<\/jats:styled-content> risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,27]],"date-time":"2018-02-27T15:08:02Z","timestamp":1519744082000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Conditional cash transfers and the reduction in partner violence for young women: an investigation of causal pathways using evidence from a randomized experiment in South Africa (HPTN<\/scp> 068)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Kelly N","family":"Kilburn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina Chapel Hill United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey","family":"Pettifor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina Chapel Hill United States"},{"name":"MRC\/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt) University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessie K","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina Chapel Hill United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Selin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina Chapel Hill United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rhian","family":"Twine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt) University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"MacPhail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW Australia"},{"name":"Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt) University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa"},{"name":"Ume\u00e5 Centre for Global Health Research Ume\u00e5 University Ume\u00e5 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James P","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistical Center for HIV\/AIDS Research and Prevention (SCHARP) Seattle United States"},{"name":"University of Washington Seattle Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistical Center for HIV\/AIDS Research and Prevention (SCHARP) Seattle United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Kahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt) University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa"},{"name":"INDEPTH Network Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60522-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Global and regional estimates of violence against women: prevalence and health effects of intimate partner violence and non\u2010partner sexual violence. 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