{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T11:28:59Z","timestamp":1761391739863,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,25]],"date-time":"2018-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011072","name":"Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIAID 5P30AI050410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIAID 5P30AI050410"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIAID 1R01AI114310\u201001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIAID 1R01AI114310\u201001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008069","name":"University of California, San Francisco","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIAID P30 AI027763"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIAID P30 AI027763"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R00MH093201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R00MH093201"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Intern AIDS Soc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>HIV<\/jats:styled-content> testing has rapidly expanded into diverse, decentralized settings. While increasing accessibility to HIV<\/jats:styled-content> testing is beneficial, it may lead to unintended consequences such as being pressured to test. We examined the frequency, correlates and contexts of pressured HIV<\/jats:styled-content> testing among Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM<\/jats:styled-content>) using mixed methods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>We conducted an online survey of MSM<\/jats:styled-content> (N\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>1044) in May 2017. Pressured HIV<\/jats:styled-content> testing was defined as being forced to test for HIV<\/jats:styled-content>. We conducted logistic regression analysis to determine the associations between pressured HIV<\/jats:styled-content> testing and socio\u2010demographic and sexual behavioural factors. Follow\u2010up interviews (n\u00a0=\u00a017) were conducted with men who reported pressured testing and we analysed qualitative data using a thematic analysis approach.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Ninety\u2010six men (9.2%) reported experiencing pressure to test for HIV<\/jats:styled-content>. Regular male sex partners were the most common source of pressure (61%, 59\/96), and the most common form of pressure was a threat to end a relationship with the one who was being pressured (39%, 37\/96). We found a higher risk of pressured testing in men who had only used HIV<\/jats:styled-content> self\u2010testing compared to men who had never self\u2010tested (AOR<\/jats:styled-content> 2.39 (95%CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.38 to 4.14)). However, this relationship was only significant among men with low education (AOR<\/jats:styled-content> 5.88 (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.92 to 17.99)) and not among men with high education (AOR<\/jats:styled-content> 1.62 (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.85 to 3.10)). After pressured testing, about half of men subsequently tested for HIV<\/jats:styled-content> (55%, 53\/96) without pressure \u2013 none reported being diagnosed with HIV<\/jats:styled-content>. Consistent with this finding, qualitative data suggest that perceptions of pressure existed on a continuum and depended on the relationship status of the one who pressured them. Although being pressured to test was accompanied by negative feelings, men who were pressured into testing often changed their attitude towards HIV<\/jats:styled-content> testing, testing behaviours, sexual behaviours and relationship with the one who pressured them to test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Pressured HIV<\/jats:styled-content> testing was reported among Chinese MSM<\/jats:styled-content>, especially from men with low education levels and men who received HIV<\/jats:styled-content> self\u2010testing. However, in some circumstances, pressure to test helped MSM<\/jats:styled-content> in several ways, challenging our understanding of the role of agency in the setting of HIV<\/jats:styled-content> testing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,5]],"date-time":"2018-04-05T23:37:34Z","timestamp":1522971454000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Pressured HIV<\/scp> testing \u201cin the name of love\u201d: a mixed methods analysis of pressured HIV<\/scp> testing among men who have sex with men in China"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5784-7403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason J","family":"Ong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Development London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London United Kingdom"},{"name":"Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health (SESH) Global Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Central Clinical School Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health (SESH) Global Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenting","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health (SESH) Global Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongyun","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health (SESH) Global Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Eastern Virginia Medical School Norfolk VA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Desmond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Public Health Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Liverpool United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Shandong University Jinan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dianmin","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Centre for Disease Control and Prevention Jinan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meizhen","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Centre for Disease Control and Prevention Jinan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gifty","family":"Marley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Centre for Disease Control and Prevention Jinan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chongyi","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rutgers School of Public Health New Brunswick NJ USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weiming","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health (SESH) Global Guangzhou China"},{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill North Carolina NC USA"},{"name":"Southern Medical University Dermatology Hospital Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5842-7988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuncheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health (SESH) Global Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health (SESH) Global Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen 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China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph D","family":"Tucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health (SESH) Global Guangzhou China"},{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill North Carolina NC USA"},{"name":"Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1904-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Guidelines on HIV self\u2010testing and partner notification.2016. 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