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This study, within an ongoing test\u2010and\u2010treat trial (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SEARCH<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> NCT<\/jats:styled-content>01864603), sought to measure effects of diverse metrics of mobility on behaviours, with attention to gender.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional data were collected in 2016 from 1919 adults in 12 communities in Kenya and Uganda, to examine mobility (labour\/non\u2010labour\u2010related travel), migration (changes of residence over geopolitical boundaries) and their associations with sexual behaviours (concurrent\/higher risk partnerships), by region and sex. Multilevel mixed\u2010effects logistic regression models, stratified by sex and adjusted for clustering by community, were fitted to examine associations of mobility with higher\u2010risk behaviours, in past 2\u00a0years\/past 6\u00a0months, controlling for key covariates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The population was 45.8% male and 52.4% female, with mean age 38.7 (median 37, IQR: 17); 11.2% had migrated in the past 2\u00a0years. Migration varied by region (14.4% in Kenya, 11.5% in southwestern and 1.7% in eastern and Uganda) and sex (13.6% of men and 9.2% of women). Ten per cent reported labour\u2010related travel and 45.9% non\u2010labour\u2010related travel in past 6\u00a0months\u2014and varied by region and sex: labour\u2010related mobility was more common in men (18.5%) than women (2.9%); non\u2010labour\u2010related mobility was more common in women (57.1%) than men (32.6%). In 2015 to 2016, 24.6% of men and 6.6% of women had concurrent sexual partnerships; in past 6\u00a0months, 21.6% of men and 5.4% of women had concurrent partnerships. Concurrency in 2015 to 2016 was more strongly associated with migration in women [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aRR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a02.0, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>(1.1 to 3.7)] than men [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aRR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a01.5, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>(1.0 to 2.2)]. Concurrency in past 6\u00a0months was more strongly associated with labour\u2010related mobility in women [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aRR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a02.9, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>(1.0 to 8.0)] than men [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aRR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a01.8, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>(1.2 to 2.5)], but with non\u2010labour\u2010related mobility in men [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aRR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a02.2, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>(1.5 to 3.4)].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In rural eastern Africa, both longer\u2010distance\/permanent, and localized\/shorter\u2010term forms of mobility are associated with higher\u2010risk behaviours, and are highly gendered: the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> risks associated with mobility are more pronounced for women. Gender\u2010specific interventions among mobile populations are needed to combat <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> in the region.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,20]],"date-time":"2018-07-20T03:23:46Z","timestamp":1532057026000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Population mobility associated with higher risk sexual behaviour in eastern African communities participating in a Universal Testing and Treatment trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Carol S","family":"Camlin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology &amp; Reproductive Sciences University of California San Francisco (UCSF) San Francisco CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Center for AIDS Prevention Studies UCSF San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Akullian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Disease Modeling University of Washington Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torsten B","family":"Neilands","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Center for AIDS Prevention Studies UCSF San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Getahun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology &amp; 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