{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:56:33Z","timestamp":1790740593523,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,5]],"date-time":"2018-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100003024","name":"International Society for Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100003024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Intern AIDS Soc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n \n Non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease is characterized by the presence of hepatic steatosis and can be associated with fibrosis progression, development of cirrhosis and liver\u2010related complications. Data on the prevalence of liver fibrosis and steatosis in\n HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients remain contradictory in resource\u2010limited settings. We aimed to describe the prevalence and factors associated with liver fibrosis and steatosis in patients with HIV mono\u2010infection under long\u2010term antiretroviral therapy (\n ART<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Clinical assessment, fasting blood collection and liver stiffness measurement (\n LSM<\/jats:styled-content>\n )\/controlled attenuation parameter (\n CAP<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) by transient elastography were performed on the same day for this cross\u2010sectional study (\n PROSPEC<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n study;\n NCT<\/jats:styled-content>\n 02542020). Patients with viral hepatitis co\u2010infection,\n ART<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010na\u00efve or missing data were excluded. Liver fibrosis and steatosis were defined by\n LSM<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u00a0\u2265\u00a08.0\u00a0kPa and\n CAP<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u00a0\u2265\u00a0248\u00a0dB\/m respectively.\n HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n history, cumulative and current\n ART<\/jats:styled-content>\n regimens were evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for age and gender were performed.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n In total, 395 patients (60% female; median age of 45 (IQR, 35 to 52) years, body mass index\u00a0=\u00a025.7 (23.2 to 29.4) kg\/m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n , alanine aminotransferase\u00a0=\u00a030 (23 to 42) IU\/L, duration of\n ART<\/jats:styled-content>\n for 7 (4 to 14) years) were included.\n LSM<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n CAP<\/jats:styled-content>\n were reliable in 93% (n\u00a0=\u00a0367) and 87% (n\u00a0=\u00a0344) respectively. The prevalence of fibrosis and steatosis were 9% (95% confidence interval (CI), 7 to 13) and 35% (95% CI, 30 to 40) respectively. The following factors were associated with fibrosis (odds ratio (OR) (95% CI)): older age (per 10\u00a0years; 1.80 (1.27 to 2.55);\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.001) and CD4+ count <200\u00a0cells\/mm\n 3<\/jats:sup>\n (7.80 (2.09 to 29.09),\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.002). Type 2 diabetes had a trend towards the presence of liver fibrosis (2.67 (0.96 to 7.46),\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.061). Central obesity (10.74 (4.40 to 26.20),\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.001), type 2 diabetes (9.74 (3.15 to 30.10),\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.001), dyslipidaemia (2.61 (1.35 to 5.05),\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.003) and metabolic syndrome (4.28 (2.45 to 7.46),\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.001) were associated with steatosis. A dominant backbone\n ART<\/jats:styled-content>\n regimen of zidovudine (\n AZT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), d4T, ddI or ddC was associated with steatosis (1.90 (1.07 to 3.38),\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.028) independently of metabolic features.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Integrated strategies for preventing non\u2010communicable diseases in people with HIV mono\u2010infection are necessary to decrease the burden of liver diseases.<\/jats:p>\n Clinical Trial Number: NCT02542020.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,5]],"date-time":"2018-11-05T06:23:09Z","timestamp":1541398989000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Predictive factors associated with liver fibrosis and steatosis by transient elastography in patients with HIV mono\u2010infection under long\u2010term combined antiretroviral therapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0931-6418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo","family":"Perazzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Research in STI\/AIDS (LAPCLIN\u2010AIDS) National Institute of Infectious Diseases Evandro Chagas\u2010Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (INI\/FIOCRUZ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra W","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Research in STI\/AIDS (LAPCLIN\u2010AIDS) National Institute of Infectious Diseases Evandro Chagas\u2010Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (INI\/FIOCRUZ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn","family":"Yanavich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Research in STI\/AIDS (LAPCLIN\u2010AIDS) National Institute of Infectious Diseases Evandro Chagas\u2010Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (INI\/FIOCRUZ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Estev\u00e3o P","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Research in STI\/AIDS (LAPCLIN\u2010AIDS) National Institute of Infectious Diseases Evandro Chagas\u2010Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (INI\/FIOCRUZ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Morata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Research in STI\/AIDS (LAPCLIN\u2010AIDS) National Institute of Infectious Diseases Evandro Chagas\u2010Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (INI\/FIOCRUZ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil"},{"name":"Plataform of Clinical Research National Institute of Infectious Diseases Evandro Chagas\u2010Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (INI\/FIOCRUZ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalia","family":"Gorni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition National Institute of Infectious Diseases Evandro Chagas\u2010Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (INI\/FIOCRUZ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula Simplicio","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition National Institute of Infectious Diseases Evandro Chagas\u2010Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (INI\/FIOCRUZ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition National Institute of Infectious Diseases Evandro Chagas\u2010Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (INI\/FIOCRUZ) Rio de Janeiro 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