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Few studies have evaluated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STI<\/jats:styled-content> risk among users of hormonal implants and copper intrauterine devices (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IUD<\/jats:styled-content>s) although these long\u2010acting reversible contraceptive methods are being promoted widely because of their benefits. Within a prospective study of women at risk for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101, we compared the risk of acquisition of <jats:italic>Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/jats:italic> among women using different contraceptive methods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010020\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASPIRE<\/jats:styled-content> was a randomized trial of the dapivirine vaginal ring for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 prevention among 2629 women aged 18 to 45\u00a0years from Malawi, South Africa, Uganda and Zimbabwe, of whom 2264 used copper <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IUD<\/jats:styled-content>s or progestin\u2010based injectables or implants during follow\u2010up. Screening for the above <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STI<\/jats:styled-content>s occurred semi\u2010annually.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Over 3440 person\u2010years of follow\u2010up, 408 cases of <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic> (incidence 11.86\/100 person\u2010years), 196 of <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic> (5.70\/100 person\u2010years) and 213 cases of <jats:italic>T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic> (6.19\/100 person\u2010years) were detected. <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic> incidence were not significantly different across contraceptive methods. <jats:italic>T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic> incidence was significantly higher for copper <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IUD<\/jats:styled-content> users compared to depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMPA<\/jats:styled-content>), implant and norethisterone enanthate users.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among African women at high <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 risk, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STI<\/jats:styled-content>s were common. Risk of cervical infections did not differ across contraceptive methods. Significantly higher rates of <jats:italic>T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic> were observed among progestin\u2010based methods compared to copper <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IUD<\/jats:styled-content> users. Overall, these findings call for more intensive routine screening for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STI<\/jats:styled-content>s, and they support current World Health Organization guidance that women should have a wide range of contraceptive options.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,28]],"date-time":"2019-02-28T10:49:00Z","timestamp":1551350940000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Acquisition of Sexually Transmitted Infections among Women Using a Variety of Contraceptive Options: A prospective Study among High\u2010risk African Women"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0046-4353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flavia Matovu","family":"Kiweewa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Makerere University\u00a0\u2010\u00a0Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration Kampala Uganda"},{"name":"Makerere University School of Public Health Kampala Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle WA USA"},{"name":"University of Washington Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anu","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gonasagrie","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emavundleni Research Centre CapeTown Republic of South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thesla","family":"Palanee\u2010Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg Republic of South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nyaradzo","family":"Mgodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences Clinical Trials Research Centre Harare Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clemensia","family":"Nakabiito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Makerere University\u00a0\u2010\u00a0Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration Kampala Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nahida","family":"Chakhtoura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development\/National Institute of Health Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon L","family":"Hillier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8242-8438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jared M","family":"Baeten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the MTN\u2010020\/ASPIRE Study Team","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199905280-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143304"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SchuchardtL RuppJ.Chlamydia trachomatis as the cause of infectious infertility: acute repetitive or persistent long\u2010term infection? 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