{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T09:56:49Z","timestamp":1753869409694,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,29]],"date-time":"2019-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003921","name":"Department of Health, Australian Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003921","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Intern AIDS Soc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>Cotrimoxazole (CTX<\/jats:styled-content>) is recommended as prophylaxis against Pneumocystis jiroveci<\/jats:italic> pneumonia, malaria and other serious bacterial infections in HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected patients. Despite its in\u00a0vitro<\/jats:italic> activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>, the effects of CTX<\/jats:styled-content> preventive therapy on tuberculosis (TB<\/jats:styled-content>) remain unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Adults living with HIV<\/jats:styled-content> enrolled in a regional observational cohort in Asia who had initiated combination antiretroviral therapy (cART<\/jats:styled-content>) were included in the analysis. Factors associated with new TB<\/jats:styled-content> diagnoses after cohort entry and survival after cART<\/jats:styled-content> initiation were analysed using Cox regression, stratified by site.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>A total of 7355 patients from 12 countries enrolled into the cohort between 2003 and 2016 were included in the study. There were 368 reported cases of TB<\/jats:styled-content> after cohort entry with an incidence rate of 0.99 per 100\u00a0person\u2010years (\/100\u00a0pys). Multivariate analyses adjusted for viral load (VL<\/jats:styled-content>), CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 count, body mass index (BMI<\/jats:styled-content>) and cART<\/jats:styled-content> duration showed that CTX<\/jats:styled-content> reduced the hazard for new TB<\/jats:styled-content> infection by 28% (HR<\/jats:styled-content> 0.72, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> l 0.56, 0.93). Mortality after cART<\/jats:styled-content> initiation was 0.85\/100\u00a0pys, with a median follow\u2010up time of 4.63\u00a0years. Predictors of survival included age, female sex, hepatitis C co\u2010infection, TB<\/jats:styled-content> diagnosis, HIV VL<\/jats:styled-content>, CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 count and BMI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>CTX<\/jats:styled-content> was associated with a reduction in the hazard for new TB<\/jats:styled-content> infection but did not impact survival in our Asian cohort. The potential preventive effect of CTX<\/jats:styled-content> against TB<\/jats:styled-content> during periods of severe immunosuppression should be further explored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,29]],"date-time":"2019-03-29T07:24:48Z","timestamp":1553844288000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis decreases tuberculosis risk among Asian patients with HIV"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7399-5852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephane Wen\u2010Wei","family":"Ku","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine Taipei City Hospital Renai Branch Taipei 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