{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T08:36:30Z","timestamp":1775032590110,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,19]],"date-time":"2019-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Intern AIDS Soc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>Several countries in southern Africa have made significant progress towards reaching the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\/AIDS<\/jats:styled-content> goal of ensuring that 90% of people living with HIV<\/jats:styled-content> are aware of their status. In Zimbabwe, progress towards this \u201cfirst 90\u201d was estimated at 73% in 2016. To reach the remaining people living with HIV who have undiagnosed infection, the Zimbabwe Ministry of Health and Child Care has been promoting index testing and partner notification services (PNS<\/jats:styled-content>). We describe the implementation of index testing and PNS<\/jats:styled-content> under the Zimbabwe HIV<\/jats:styled-content> Care and Treatment (ZHCT<\/jats:styled-content>) project and the resulting uptake, HIV<\/jats:styled-content> positivity rate and links to HIV<\/jats:styled-content> treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>The ZHCT<\/jats:styled-content> project has been implemented since March 2016, covering a total of 12 districts in three provinces. To assess the project's performance on index testing, we extracted data on HIV<\/jats:styled-content> testing from the district health information system (DHIS<\/jats:styled-content> 2) from March 2016 to May 2018, validated it using service registers and calculated monthly HIV<\/jats:styled-content> positivity rates using Microsoft Excel. Data were disaggregated by district, province, sex and service delivery point. We used SPSS<\/jats:styled-content> to assess for statistical differences in paired monthly HIV<\/jats:styled-content> positivity rates by sex, testing site, and province.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>The average HIV<\/jats:styled-content> positivity rate rose from 10% during the first six months of implementation to more than 30% by August 2016 and was sustained above 30% through May 2018. The overall facility HIV<\/jats:styled-content> positivity rate was 4.1% during the same period. The high HIV<\/jats:styled-content> positivity rate was achieved for both males and females (mean monthly HIV<\/jats:styled-content> positivity rate of 31.3% for males and 33.7% for females), with females showing significantly higher positivity compared to males (p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.001). The ZHCT<\/jats:styled-content> mean monthly HIV<\/jats:styled-content> positivity rate from index testing (32.6%) was significantly higher than that achieved through provider\u2010initiated testing and counselling and other facility HIV<\/jats:styled-content> testing modalities (4.1%, p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>The ZHCT<\/jats:styled-content> project has demonstrated successes in implementing index testing and PNS<\/jats:styled-content> by attaining a high HIV<\/jats:styled-content> positivity rate sustained over the study period. As the country moves towards HIV<\/jats:styled-content> epidemic control, index testing and PNS<\/jats:styled-content> are critical strategies for targeted HIV<\/jats:styled-content> case identification.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,19]],"date-time":"2019-07-19T07:02:41Z","timestamp":1563519761000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Sustained high HIV<\/scp> case\u2010finding through index testing and partner notification services: experiences from three provinces in Zimbabwe"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5793-3800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nyikadzino","family":"Mahachi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"FHI 360 Harare Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Auxilia","family":"Muchedzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FHI 360 Harare Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taurayi A","family":"Tafuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FHI 360 Harare Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Mawora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FHI 360 Harare Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liz","family":"Kariuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FHI 360 Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bazghina\u2010werq","family":"Semo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FHI 360 Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moses H","family":"Bateganya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FHI 360 Durham NC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tendai","family":"Nyagura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Agency for International Development Harare Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Getrude","family":"Ncube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health and Child Care Harare Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mike B","family":"Merrigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FHI 360 Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Otto N","family":"Chabikuli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FHI 360 Durham NC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mulamuli","family":"Mpofu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FHI 360 Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"90\u201090\u201090: An ambitious\u00a0treatment target to help end the AIDS epidemic","author":"Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"ICAP at Columbia University [Internet].Population\u2010based HIV impact assessment (PHIA) Project. 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