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Risk compensation (RC) fears concerning BIs in the HIV\/STIs prevention field are intimately linked to representations, judgements and social control on sexual behaviour. With an increasing number of PrEP studies describing a rise in STIs due to RC, this paper argues for a shift away from the focus on RC and proposes a more constructive approach to respond to the needs of people living with HIV and populations most at risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The concept of RC, stemming from road safety and derived from economic theory, relies on rational theoretical models of human behaviour. Although widely applied in several contexts its use has been reasonably questioned. Major methodological issues regarding RC have been raised within HIV\/AIDS literature. Although behavioural changes (e.g. condomless sex and number of sexual partners) are often erroneously assimilated with RC, there is no evidence that behavioural changes have undermined the effectiveness of previous and current BIs. Still, PrEP has not escaped RC concerns. Increases in condomless sex within the context of growing uptake of PrEP signals a continued need for integrated and innovative HIV and STI prevention strategies and a comprehensive sexual health approach. Routine HIV\/STI testing, peer\u2010led counselling, and identification of sexual health needs within the PrEP model of care could become a gold standard in the sexual health field for all populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>RC remains a frequent argument against the availability and provision of prevention methods for vulnerable populations. Individuals should be able to benefit from the full panel of BIs options available, to find and adapt methods according to their needs. Current, past and future PrEP users, with other stakeholders, may provide valuable insight into innovative solutions and programmes to control HIV and other STIs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,30]],"date-time":"2019-08-30T07:02:18Z","timestamp":1567148538000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Give PrEP a chance: moving on from the \u201crisk compensation\u201d concept"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5379-1438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Rojas Castro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Coalition PLUS Community\u2010based Research Laboratory Pantin France"},{"name":"Aix Marseille Univ INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM Sciences Economiques &amp; Sociales de la Sant\u00e9 &amp; Traitement de l'Information M\u00e9dicale Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8468-3528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosemary M","family":"Delabre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coalition PLUS Community\u2010based Research Laboratory Pantin France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean\u2010Michel","family":"Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases H\u00f4pital Saint\u2010Louis Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris Paris France"},{"name":"INSERM, UMR 941 Universit\u00e9 de Paris Diderot Paris 7 Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9 Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1105243"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1011205"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00056-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1506273"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Policy Brief: WHO expands recommendation on oral pre\u2010exposure prophylaxis of HIV infection (PrEP)[Internet].2015[cited 2019 Jan 12]. 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