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We analysed nationally representative Demographic and Health Surveys of six African countries from 2013 to 2016: Ethiopia, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Rwanda, Lesotho and Zambia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eligible men were household residents or overnight visitors aged 15 to 59\u00a0years. We analysed questionnaire responses on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> testing, known behavioural risk factors, and corresponding <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> laboratory results. We used survey\u2010weighted logistic regression to identify factors associated with never testing for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Approximately double the proportion of men had never tested for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> compared to women (Malawi: 30% vs. 17%, <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.0001; Zimbabwe: 35% vs. 19%, <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.0001; Lesotho: 34% vs. 15%, <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.0001; Zambia: 36% vs. 20%, <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.0001); although, less of a differential existed in Ethiopia (54% vs. 56%, <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.12) and Rwanda (19% vs. 14%, <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.0001). When offered a test during the survey, 85% to 99% of sexually active men who reported never previously testing, accepted testing. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> positivity ranged from &lt;0.05% to 14% for never tested men. After adjusting for age, factors associated with never having tested for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> were never being married (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aOR<\/jats:styled-content> range: 1.46 to 10.39), not having children (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aOR<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.36 to 3.59) and lower education (less than primary education <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aOR<\/jats:styled-content>: 2.77 to 5.59).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although higher proportions of men than women had never tested for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>, 85% to 99% of men did accept a test when offered. Finding opportunities to offer <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> testing to single men without children, older men who have never tested, and those disadvantaged with less schooling and employment, alongside other facility and community\u2010based services, will be important in identifying those living with undiagnosed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> and improving men's health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,21]],"date-time":"2019-10-21T06:14:53Z","timestamp":1571638493000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Who are the missing men? Characterising men who never tested for <scp>HIV<\/scp> from population\u2010based surveys in six sub\u2010Saharan African countries"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5989-7172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caitlin","family":"Quinn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of HIV\/AIDS World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damazo T","family":"Kadengye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"African Population and Health Research Center Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheryl C","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of HIV\/AIDS World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Baggaley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of HIV\/AIDS World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shona","family":"Dalal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of HIV\/AIDS World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"Miles to go closing gaps, breaking barriers, righting injustices \u2013 global AIDS update","author":"Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS","year":"2018"},{"issue":"10143","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"188","article-title":"Gender and health are also about boys and men","volume":"392","author":"The Lancet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","volume-title":"Consolidated guidelines on HIV testing services","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.07.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2016.1164806"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2014.897911"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283471deb"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027917"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/mmj.v22i2.58794"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy045"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.20.1.21902"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0184124"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0197904"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihw050"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177168"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","unstructured":"VandermaelA AkullianAN DobraA deOliveiraT.Sharp decline in male HIV incidence in a rural South African population. 4\u20107 March 2018; Boston MA;2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2011.02893.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-2259-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4417-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-012-0223-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-016-1671-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2019.1583266"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","unstructured":"StaveteigS HeadSK CroftTN KTK.Factors associated with prior testing among HIV\u2010positive adults in Sub\u2010Saharan Africa. 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