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Differentiated service delivery models, such as peer\u2010led community antiretroviral refill groups (CARGs), offer the opportunity to enhance patient satisfaction, retention and treatment outcomes. We conducted an exploratory qualitative study to identify facilitators and barriers to CARG participation by HIV\u2010positive men, with inputs from recipients of HIV care, community members, healthcare workers (HCWs), donors and policymakers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Between July and October 2017, we conducted 20 focus group discussions (FGDs) with 147 adults living with HIV, including men and women enrolled in CARGs and men not enrolled in CARGs, and 46 key informant interviews (KIIs) with policymakers, donors, HCWs and community members. FGDs and KIIs were recorded, transcribed and translated. A constant comparison approach was used to triangulate findings and identify themes related to male engagement in CARGs in rural Zimbabwe.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>CARG participants, policymakers, donors, HCWs, and community members noted many advantages to CARG participation, including convenience, efficiency, solidarity and mutual psychosocial support. Although those familiar with CARGs reported that these groups decreased HIV\u2010related stigma, concerns about stigma and privacy were perceived to be the primary reason for men\u2019s non\u2010participation. Other important barriers to male enrolment included lack of awareness of CARGs, misunderstanding of how CARGs operate, few perceived benefits and lack of flexibility in CARG implementation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>More effective educational and awareness campaigns, community\u2010based anti\u2010stigma campaigns, more flexible CARG designs, and provision of financial and\/or in\u2010kind support to CARG members could mitigate many of the barriers to male enrolment in CARGs. Men may also prefer alternative differentiated service delivery models that are facility\u2010based and\/or do not require group participation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T13:42:14Z","timestamp":1572615734000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Engaging men in HIV programmes: a qualitative study of male engagement in community\u2010based antiretroviral refill groups in Zimbabwe"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0748-5974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanne E","family":"Mantell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gender Sexuality and Health Department of Psychiatry Columbia University New York State Psychiatric Institute New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsitsi B","family":"Masvawure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Studies College of the Holy Cross Worcester MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Munyaradzi","family":"Mapingure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAP at Columbia University Harare Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsitsi","family":"Apollo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV\/AIDS and STIs Unit Ministry of Health and Child Care Harare Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clorata","family":"Gwanzura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV\/AIDS and STIs Unit Ministry of Health and Child Care Harare Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Block","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAP at Columbia University New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleanor","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gender Sexuality and Health Department of Psychiatry Columbia University New York State Psychiatric Institute New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Preko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAP at Columbia University Mbabane Eswatini"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Godfrey","family":"Musuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAP at Columbia University Harare Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Rabkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAP at Columbia University New York NY USA"},{"name":"Departments of Medicine &amp; Epidemiology Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"UNAIDS.Global AIDS Update: Miles to Go \u2013 Closing Gaps Breaking Barriers Righting Injustices.2018. 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