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As part of the IeDEA multiregional consortium, we described growth evolution during adolescence for APH on antiretroviral therapy (ART).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included data from sub\u2010Saharan Africa, the Asia\u2010Pacific, and the Caribbean, Central and South America regions collected between 2003 and 2016. Adolescents on ART, reporting perinatally acquired infection or entering HIV care before 10\u00a0years of age, with at least one height measurement between 10 and 16\u00a0years of age, and followed in care until at least 14\u00a0years of age were included. Characteristics at ART initiation and at 10\u00a0years of age were compared by sex. Correlates of growth defined by height\u2010for\u2010age z\u2010scores (HAZ) between ages 10 and 19\u00a0years were studied separately for males and females, using linear mixed models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, 8737 APH were included, with 46% from Southern Africa. Median age at ART initiation was 8.1\u00a0years (interquartile range (IQR) 6.1 to 9.6), 50% were females, and 41% were stunted (HAZ&lt;\u22122\u00a0SD) at ART initiation. Males and females did not differ by age and stunting at ART initiation, CD4 count over time or retention in care. At 10\u00a0years of age, 34% of males were stunted versus 39% of females (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Females had better subsequent growth, resulting in a higher prevalence of stunting for males compared to females by age 15 (48% vs. 25%) and 18\u00a0years (31% vs. 15%). In linear mixed models, older age at ART initiation and low CD4 count were associated with poor growth over time (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Those stunted at 10\u00a0years of age or at ART initiation had the greatest growth improvement during adolescence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prevalence of stunting is high among APH worldwide. Substantial sex\u2010based differences in growth evolution during adolescence were observed in this global cohort, which were not explained by differences in age of access to HIV care, degree of immunosuppression or region. Other factors influencing growth differences in APH, such as differences in pubertal development, should be better documented, to guide further research and inform interventions to optimize growth and health outcomes among APH.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]],"date-time":"2019-11-08T13:20:42Z","timestamp":1573219242000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Stunting and growth velocity of adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV: differential evolution for males and females. 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