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An invigorated global END TB Strategy seeks to increase efforts in scaling up TB preventive therapy (TPT) as a central intervention for HIV programmes in an effort to contribute to a 90% reduction in TB incidence and 95% reduction in mortality by 2035. TPT in PLHIV should be part of a comprehensive approach to reduce TB transmission, illness and death that also includes TB active case\u2010finding and prompt, effective and timely initiation of anti\u2010TB therapy among PLHIV. However, the use and implementation of preventive strategies has remained deplorably inadequate and today TB prevention among PLHIV has become an urgent priority globally.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We present a summary of the current and novel TPT regimens, including current evidence of use with antiretroviral regimens (ART). We review challenges and opportunities to scale\u2010up TB prevention within HIV programmes, including the use of differentiated care approaches and demand creation for effective TB\/HIV services delivery. TB preventive vaccines and diagnostics, including optimal algorithms, while important topics, are outside of the focus of this commentary.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A number of new tools and strategies to make TPT a standard of care in HIV programmes have become available. The new TPT regimens are safe and effective and can be used with current ART, with attention being paid to potential drug\u2010drug interactions between rifamycins and some classes of antiretrovirals. More research and development is needed to optimize TPT for small children, pregnant women and drug\u2010resistant TB (DR\u2010TB). Effective programmatic scale\u2010up can be supported through context\u2010adapted demand creation strategies and the inclusion of TPT in client\u2010centred services, such as differentiated service delivery (DSD) models. Robust collaboration between the HIV and TB programmes represents a unique opportunity to ensure that TB, a preventable and curable condition, is no longer the number one cause of death in PLHIV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,8]],"date-time":"2020-01-08T12:44:43Z","timestamp":1578487483000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["New opportunities in tuberculosis prevention: implications for people living with HIV"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0531-2698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Co\u2010Infections and Co\u2010Morbidities The International AIDS Society Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4141-2397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esther C","family":"Casas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Africa Medical Unit M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satvinder","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Department World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gavin J","family":"Churchyard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aurum Institute Parktown South Africa"},{"name":"School of Public Health University of Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa"},{"name":"Advancing Care and Treatment for TB\/HIV South African Medical Research Council Parktown South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grania","family":"Brigden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tuberculosis International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Gotuzzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Director of the \u201cAlexander von Humboldt\u201d Institute of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases Peruvian University Cayetano Heredia Lima Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wim","family":"Vandevelde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Network of People living with HIV (GNP+) Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suvanand","family":"Sahu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stop TB Partnership Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sevim","family":"Ahmedov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau for Global Health, Infectious Diseases, TB Division USAID Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adeeba","family":"Kamarulzaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Ponce\u2010de\u2010Le\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Grinsztejn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas Fiocruz Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Swindells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pmj.76.895.259"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002464"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30477-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO).The END TB strategy.2015. 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