{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T09:57:17Z","timestamp":1753869437324,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]],"date-time":"2020-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CPII014","\/00025","FI14","\/00431","PI12","\/02283","PI16","\/00684","PI19","\/01127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPII014","\/00025","FI14","\/00431","PI12","\/02283","PI16","\/00684","PI19","\/01127"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016\u201077894\u2010R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016\u201077894\u2010R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J. Intern. AIDS Soc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>HIV\u2010controllers have the ability to spontaneously maintain viraemia at low or undetectable levels in the absence of antiretroviral treatment. Furthermore, HIV\u2010controllers seem to have a superior capacity to spontaneously clear hepatitis C virus (HCV) compared to non HIV\u2010controllers. Some of these subjects eventually lose HIV\u2010controller status (transient controllers), whereas some HIV\u2010controllers show a persistent natural HIV control (persistent controllers). We aimed to analyse whether persistent controllers have superior capacity to spontaneously clear HCV compared to transient controllers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We recruited HIV\u2010controllers from January 1981 up to October 2016 with available antibodies to HCV (anti\u2010HCV) data (n\u00a0=\u00a0744). Factors associated with HIV spontaneous control in relation to HCV status were analysed in persistent and transient HIV\u2010controllers with anti\u2010HCV positive (n\u00a0=\u00a0202 and n\u00a0=\u00a0138 respectively) in comparison with 1700 HCV positive non HIV\u2010controllers recruited from January 1981 up to March 2018, bivariate and multivariate analyses, following a logistic regression model, were applied. In addition, the factors related to the loss and time to lose HIV\u2010controller status were explored (n\u00a0=\u00a0744) using Log rank test and Kaplan\u2013Meier curves, in this case the multivariate analysis consisted in a Cox regression model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A higher frequency of HCV spontaneous clearance was found in persistent HIV\u2010controllers (25.5%) compared to non\u2010controllers (10.2%). After adjusting for potential confounders, as sex, age, HIV transmission risk, CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cell nadir and time of follow\u2010up, HCV clearance was independently associated with persistent HIV spontaneous control (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.002; OR (95% CI)\u00a0=\u00a02.573 (1.428 to 4.633)), but not with transient spontaneous control (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.119; 1.589 (0.888 to 2.845)). Furthermore, persistent HIV\u2010controllers were more likely to spontaneously clear the HCV in comparison with transient controllers (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.027; 0.377 (0.159 to 0.893). Finally, not to lose or lengthen the time of losing this control was independently associated with HCV spontaneous clearance (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.010; 0.503 (0.297 to 0.850).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study shows an association between spontaneous persistent HIV\u2010control and HCV spontaneous clearance. The study findings support the idea of preserved immune mechanisms in persistent HIV control implicated in HCV spontaneous clearance. These results highlight persistent HIV\u2010controllers but not transient controllers as a good model of functional HIV cure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]],"date-time":"2020-09-24T18:01:20Z","timestamp":1600970480000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Persistent HIV\u2010controllers are more prone to spontaneously clear HCV: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Dominguez\u2010Molina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Enfermedades Infecciosas Microbiolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica y Medicina Preventiva. 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Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla\/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Roc\u00edo\/CSIC\/Universidad de Sevilla Sevilla Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Genebat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunovirologia Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Roc\u00edo\/CSIC\/Universidad de Sevilla Sevilla Spain"},{"name":"Servicio de Urgencias Hospital Universitario Virgen del Roc\u00edo Sevilla Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8783-0450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvador","family":"Resino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Infecci\u00f3n Viral e Inmunidad Centro Nacional de TOUCH FOR FMicrobiolog\u00eda Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Sanitario Sandoval IdlSSC Madrid Espa\u00f1a"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Gonzalez\u2010Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de VIH, Hospital Universitario La Paz\u2010IdiPaz Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norma","family":"Rall\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria\u2010Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid (IIS\u2010FJD, UAM) Spain"},{"name":"Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos M\u00f3stoles Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2966-0160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Pernas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Virologia Molecular Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigaci\u00f3n en Retrovirus Centro Nacional de Microbiolog\u00eda Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Concepci\u00f3n","family":"Casado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Virologia Molecular Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigaci\u00f3n en Retrovirus Centro Nacional de Microbiolog\u00eda Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cecilio","family":"Lopez\u2010Gal\u00edndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Virologia Molecular Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigaci\u00f3n en Retrovirus Centro Nacional de Microbiolog\u00eda Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agathe","family":"Le\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmento de Enfermedades Infecciosas Hospital Clinic de Barcelona Hospital Clinic de Barcelona Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose M","family":"Benito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos M\u00f3stoles Spain"},{"name":"Unidad de Virologia Molecular Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigaci\u00f3n en Retrovirus Centro Nacional de Microbiolog\u00eda Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felipe","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmento de Enfermedades Infecciosas Hospital Clinic de Barcelona Hospital Clinic de Barcelona Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Del Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Sanitario Sandoval IdlSSC Madrid Espa\u00f1a"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pompeyo","family":"Viciana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Enfermedades Infecciosas Microbiolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica y Medicina Preventiva. 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