{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T06:45:14Z","timestamp":1788245114111,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":32,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000200","name":"United States Agency for International Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000200","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J. Intern. AIDS Soc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>In generalized epidemic settings, there is insufficient understanding of how the unmet HIV prevention and treatment needs of key populations (KPs), such as female sex workers (FSWs) and men who have sex with men (MSM), contribute to HIV transmission. In such settings, it is typically assumed that HIV transmission is driven by the general population. We estimated the contribution of commercial sex, sex between men, and other heterosexual partnerships to HIV transmission in South Africa (SA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We developed the \u201cKey\u2010Pop Model\u201d; a dynamic transmission model of HIV among FSWs, their clients, MSM, and the broader population in SA. The model was parameterized and calibrated using demographic, behavioural and epidemiological data from national household surveys and KP surveys. We estimated the contribution of commercial sex, sex between men and sex among heterosexual partnerships of different sub\u2010groups to HIV transmission over 2010 to 2019. We also estimated the efficiency (HIV infections averted per person\u2010year of intervention) and prevented fraction (% IA) over 10\u2010years from scaling\u2010up ART (to 81% coverage) in different sub\u2010populations from 2020.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sex between FSWs and their paying clients, and between clients with their non\u2010paying partners contributed 6.9% (95% credibility interval 4.5% to 9.3%) and 41.9% (35.1% to 53.2%) of new HIV infections in SA over 2010 to 2019 respectively. Sex between low\u2010risk groups contributed 59.7% (47.6% to 68.5%), sex between men contributed 5.3% (2.3% to 14.1%) and sex between MSM and their female partners contributed 3.7% (1.6% to 9.8%). Going forward, the largest population\u2010level impact on HIV transmission can be achieved from scaling up ART to clients of FSWs (% IA\u00a0=\u00a018.2% (14.0% to 24.4%) or low\u2010risk individuals (% IA\u00a0=\u00a020.6% (14.7 to 27.5) over 2020 to 2030), with ART scale\u2010up among KPs being most efficient.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clients of FSWs play a fundamental role in HIV transmission in SA. Addressing the HIV prevention and treatment needs of KPs in generalized HIV epidemics is central to a comprehensive HIV response.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,6]],"date-time":"2021-02-06T09:13:01Z","timestamp":1612602781000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Estimating the contribution of key populations towards HIV transmission in South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4584-0068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jack","family":"Stone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Sciences University of Bristol Bristol United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christinah","family":"Mukandavire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie\u2010Claude","family":"Boily","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology Imperial College London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4340-9995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah","family":"Fraser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Sciences University of Bristol Bristol United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharmistha","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Michaels Hospital University of Toronto Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheree","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amrita","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3375-0807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharine J","family":"Looker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Sciences University of Bristol Bristol United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9291-1511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Quaife","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fern","family":"Terris\u2010Prestholt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Marr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2351-1204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim","family":"Lane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equal International Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Coetzee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatal HIV Research Unit Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa"},{"name":"South African Medical Research Council Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glenda","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South African Medical Research Council Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kennedy","family":"Otwombe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatal HIV Research Unit Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minja","family":"Milovanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatal HIV Research Unit Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harry","family":"Hausler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TB HIV Care Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TB HIV Care Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mfezi","family":"Mcingana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TB HIV Care Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manezi","family":"Ncedani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TB HIV Care Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Puren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Communicable Diseases Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gillian","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Communicable Diseases Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zamakayise","family":"Kose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Innovation Office North West University Potchefstroom South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Phaswana\u2010Mafuya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Innovation Office North West University Potchefstroom South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5482-2419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Baral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8291-5890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Vickerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Sciences University of Bristol Bristol United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/0956462053420220"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","unstructured":"PEFSW.Female sex workers in port Elizabeth.2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","unstructured":"SAHMS\u2010FSW.South African Health Monitoring Survey (SAHMS): An Integrated Biological and Behavioural Survey among Female Sex Workers South Africa 2013\u20102014.2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001471"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002444"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0184775"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199808000-00004"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","first-page":"283","article-title":"Commercial sex workers in Johannesburg: risk behaviour and HIV status","volume":"96","author":"Rees H","year":"2000","journal-title":"S Afr J Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4346-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011595"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","unstructured":"TB HIV Care.Viral hepatitis C initiative for key populations in South Africa. Findings summary brief. Vol. 79. Cape Town: TB HIV Care.2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyl217"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-009-9598-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2007.12.005"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","first-page":"613","article-title":"Considerations on the further expansion of the AIDS epidemic in South Africa\u20131990","volume":"77","author":"Schoub BD","year":"1990","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-015-1067-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000679"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2008.031500"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1706-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13548506.2010.507772"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e318211b40a"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2013.764383"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-766"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0111063"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","unstructured":"CloeteA JoosteS MabasoM SimbayiL RehleT NaidooP.The South African Marang men's project: HIV bio\u2010behavioural surveys conducted among men who have sex with men in Cape Town Durban and Johannesburg using respondent driven sampling.2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/resprot.3737"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000007391"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.17.1.18928"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002121"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001434"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102643"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000176"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60974-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000441"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25126"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/vex014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","unstructured":"UNAIDS Global AIDS update 2019.Geneva:UNAIDS;2019. Available from:https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/sites\/default\/files\/media_asset\/2019\u2010global\u2010AIDS\u2010update_en.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7517-10-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-019-0298-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","unstructured":"United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division.United Nations World Population Prospects: The 2019 Revision.2019. Available from:https:\/\/esa.un.org\/unpd\/wpp\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","unstructured":"SWPSSES.Estimating the size of the sex worker population in South Africa 2013. Sex worker population size estimate study (SWPSES).2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","unstructured":"SurowieckiJ.The Wisdom of Crowds: Why the Many Are Smarter Than the Few and How Collective Wisdom Shapes Business Economies Societies and Nations: Anchor Books.2004."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200404090-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","unstructured":"Human Sciences Research Council.South African National HIV Prevalence HIV Incidence Behaviour and Communication Survey (SABSSM) 2008: Adult \u2010 All provinces. SABSSM 2008 Adult. Version 1.0. Pretoria South Africa: Human Sciences Research Council [producer] 2009 Human Sciences Research Council [distributor].2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001472"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2008.035287"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010682"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0188606"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11079-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","unstructured":"MilovanovicM JafferM MbowaneV HlongwaneK OtwombeK BuckleyJ et al.Male clients of female sex workers in South Africa: Sexual risk behaviour and violence. The 9th SA AIDS Conference 2019 Durban."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-008-9389-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-012-0324-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-012-0337-4"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","first-page":"343","article-title":"Intimate Partner Violence and Sexual Risk\u2010taking among Men Who Have Sex with Men in South Africa","volume":"12","author":"Stephenson R","year":"2011","journal-title":"West J Emerg Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2013.859652"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325957414535979"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-016-1652-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-016-1520-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001601"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138315"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001162"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0116100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","unstructured":"Human Sciences Research Council.South African National HIV Prevalence HIV Incidence Behaviour and Communication Survey (SABSSM) 2005: Adult and youth data \u2010 All provinces. SABSSM 2005 Adult\u2010youth. Version 1.0. Pretoria South Africa: Human Sciences Research Council [producer] 2005 Human Sciences Research Council [distributor].2011."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","unstructured":"Human Sciences Research Council.South African HIV\/AIDS Behavioural Risks Sero\u2010status and Mass Media Impact Survey (SABSSM) 2002: Adult and youth data \u2010 All provinces. SABSSM 2002 Adult\u2010youth. Version 1.0. Pretoria South Africa: Human Sciences Research Council [producer] 2002 Human Sciences Research Council [distributor].2011."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","unstructured":"Human Sciences Research Council.South African National HIV Prevalence HIV Incidence Behaviour and Communication Survey (SABSSM) 2012: Adult \u2010 All provinces. SABSSM 2012 Adult. Version 1.0. Pretoria South Africa: Human Sciences Research Council [producer] 2012 Human Sciences Research Council [distributor]2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","unstructured":"Human Sciences Research Council.The Fifth South African National HIV Prevalence Incidence Behaviour and Communication Survey.2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/curationis.v27i1.945"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","unstructured":"UNAIDS\u2010AIDSinfo[cited 02 Aug 2018]. Available from:http:\/\/aidsinfo.unaids.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001839"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(19)30239-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-015-0912-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2008.0172"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","unstructured":"South African National AIDS Council.South Africa\u2019s National Strategic Plan for HIV TB and STIs 2017\u20132022. SANAC Pretoria;2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002468"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000947"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(16)30087-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/10188"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2019.100459"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_81_1","unstructured":"MishraS.Using mathematical models to characterize HIV epidemics for the design of HIV prevention strategies.2014.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25560\/24913"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_82_1","first-page":"iii26","article-title":"Clients of sex workers in different regions of the world: hard to count","volume":"82","author":"Carael M","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2012-050884"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-011-0004-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_85_1","unstructured":"AIDS NAftCo.HIV epidemic appraisals in Nigeria: evidence for prevention programme planning and implementation. Data from the first eight states.2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_86_1","unstructured":"Findings from The Sonke CHANGE Trial: Urgent change is needed in Diepsloot. [cited 2020 Oct 12].https:\/\/genderjustice.org.za\/publication\/mens\u2010use\u2010violence\u2010women\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.04.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-51251-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0210497"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70172-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2011.0826"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61697-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001123"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013646"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001245"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268818000961"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_97_1","unstructured":"HuysamenM RichterM.Towards harm reduction programmes with sex worker clients in South Africa.2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-020-02915-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_99_1","unstructured":"SANAC.The South African national sex worker HIV plan 2016\u20132019. Pretoria South Africa:2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_100_1","unstructured":"SANAC.South African National LGBTI HIV Plan 2017\u20102022. Pretoria South Africa:2017."}],"container-title":["Journal of the International AIDS Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jia2.25650","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jia2.25650","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jia2.25650","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T21:27:57Z","timestamp":1692998877000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jia2.25650"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":99,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jia2.25650"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jia2.25650","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1758-2652","1758-2652"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1758-2652","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-2652","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-06-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-11-12","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-02-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e25650"}}