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Intern. AIDS Soc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Efforts to increase HIV testing, diagnosis and care are critical to curbing HIV epidemics among cisgender men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TW) in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries (LMIC). We compared the effectiveness of respondent\u2010driven sampling (RDS) and venue\u2010based sampling (VBS) for identifying previously undiagnosed HIV infection among MSM and TW in Tijuana, Mexico.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Between March 2015 and December 2018, we conducted RDS within the social networks of MSM and TW and VBS at venues frequented by MSM and TW to socialize and meet sexual partners. Those reached by RDS\/VBS who reported at least 18\u00a0years of age, anal sex with MSM or TW, and no previous HIV diagnosis were eligible for HIV testing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of those screened following recruitment via RDS (N\u00a0=\u00a01232; 98.6% MSM; 1.3% TW), 60.8% (749\/1232) were eligible for HIV testing and 97.5% (730\/749) were tested for HIV infection, which led to the identification of 36 newly diagnosed HIV infections (4.9%). Of those screened following recruitment via VBS (N\u00a0=\u00a02560; 95.2% MSM; 4.6% TW), 56.5% (1446\/2560) were eligible for HIV testing and 92.8% (1342\/1446) were tested for HIV infection, which led to the identification of 82 newly diagnosed HIV infections (6.1%). The proportion of new HIV diagnoses did not differ by recruitment method (ratio\u00a0=\u00a00.81, 95% confidence interval: 0.55 to 1.18). Compared to those recruited via RDS, those tested following recruitment via VBS were younger, more likely to identify as gay, and more likely to identify as TW. Compared to those recruited via VBS, those newly diagnosed with HIV infection following recruitment via RDS reported higher levels of internalized stigma and were more likely to report injection drug use and a history of deportation from the United States.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite RDS and VBS being equally effective for identifying undiagnosed HIV infection, each recruitment method reached different subgroups of MSM and TW in Tijuana. Our findings suggest that there may be benefits to using both RDS and VBS to increase the identification of previously undiagnosed HIV infection and ultimately support HIV care engagement among MSM and TW in Mexico and other similar LMIC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]],"date-time":"2021-03-24T05:04:28Z","timestamp":1616562268000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A comparison of the effectiveness of respondent\u2010driven and venue\u2010based sampling for identifying undiagnosed HIV infection among cisgender men who have sex with men and transgender women in Tijuana, Mexico"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7173-1981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heather A","family":"Pines","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of California San Diego CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Public Health University of California San Diego CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shirley J","family":"Semple","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Magis\u2010Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de Mexico Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Harvey\u2010Vera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of California San Diego CA USA"},{"name":"Universidad Xochicalco Tijuana Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steffanie A","family":"Strathdee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of California San Diego CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rudy","family":"Patrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of California San Diego CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gudelia","family":"Rangel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States\u2010Mexico Border Health Commission Tijuana Mexico"},{"name":"El Colegio de la Frontera Norte Tijuana Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas L","family":"Patterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040339"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70315-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","unstructured":"UNAIDS.Country Report: Mexico.2016[cited 2020 Mar 23]. 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