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Globally millions of AYA are living with HIV (AYALH) and\/or have been affected by HIV in their families (AYAAH), with studies highlighting the need for mental health programmes. With no current guidelines for delivering mental health interventions for AYALH or AYAAH, a scoping review was undertaken to explore current evidence\u2010based mental health interventions for AYALH and AYAAH to inform future work.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The review, targeting work between 2014 and 2020, initially included studies of evidence\u2010based mental health interventions for AYALH and AYAAH, ages 10 to 24\u00a0years, that used traditional mental health treatments. Given the few studies identified, we expanded our search to include psychosocial interventions that had mental health study outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results and discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified 13 studies, seven focused on AYALH, five on AYAAH, and one on both. Most studies took place in sub\u2010Saharan Africa. Depression was targeted in eight studies with the remainder focused on a range of emotional and behavioural symptoms. Few studies used evidence\u2010based approaches such as Cognitive Behaviour Therapy; psychosocial approaches included mental health treatments, group\u2010based and family strengthening interventions, economic empowerment combined with family strengthening, group\u2010based mindfulness and community interventions. Eleven studies were randomized control trials with four pilot studies. There was variation in sample size, treatment delivery mode (individual focus, group\u2010based, family focus), and measures of effectiveness across studies. Most used trained lay counsellors as facilitators, with few using trained mental health professionals. Eleven studies reported positive intervention effects on mental health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite the need for mental health interventions for AYALH and AYAAH, we know surprisingly little about mental health treatment for this vulnerable population. There are some promising approaches, but more work is needed to identify evidence\u2010based approaches and corresponding mechanisms of change. Given limited resources, integrating mental health treatment into healthcare settings and using digital health approaches may support more standardized and scalable treatments. Greater emphasis on implementation science frameworks is needed to create sustainable mental health treatment for AYALH and AYAAH globally.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25713","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]],"date-time":"2021-06-24T07:03:12Z","timestamp":1624518192000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Interventions to address the mental health of adolescents and young adults living with or affected by HIV: state of the evidence"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4235-0108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arvin","family":"Bhana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Systems Research Unit South African Medical Research Council  Durban South Africa"},{"name":"Centre for Rural Health College of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu\u2010Natal  South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Kreniske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies Department of Psychiatry New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1226-0868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ariana","family":"Pather","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies Department of Psychiatry New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie Amna","family":"Abas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King\u2019s College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claude A","family":"Mellins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies Department of Psychiatry New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Guidelines on mental health promotive and preventive interventions for adolescents","author":"WHO","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"UNAIDS.UNAIDS Data 2020.Geneva:UNAIDS;2020[cited 2020 Dec 10]. 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