{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T03:32:19Z","timestamp":1781148739688,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]],"date-time":"2021-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AI069907"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AI069907"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int AIDS Soc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>INTRODUCTION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data on HIV treatment outcomes in people who inject drugs (PWID) in the Asia\u2010Pacific are sparse despite the high burden of drug use. We assessed immunological and virological responses, AIDS\u2010defining events and mortality among PWID receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated HIV treatment outcomes among people who acquired HIV via injecting drug use in the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database (TAHOD) between January 2003 and March 2019. Trends in CD4 count and viral suppression (VS, HIV viral load &lt;1000\u00a0copies\/mL) were assessed. Factors associated with mean CD4 changes were analysed using repeated measures linear regression, and combined AIDS event and mortality were analysed using survival analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 622 PWID from 12 countries in the Asia\u2010Pacific, 93% were male and the median age at ART initiation was 31\u00a0years (IQR, 28 to 34). The median pre\u2010ART CD4 count was 71 cells\/\u00b5L. CD4 counts increased over time, with a mean difference of 401 (95% CI, 372 to 457) cells\/\u00b5L at year\u201010 (n\u00a0=\u00a078). Higher follow\u2010up HIV viral load and pre\u2010ART CD4 counts were associated with smaller increases in CD4 counts. Among 361 PWID with \u22651 viral load after six months on ART, proportions with VS were 82%, 88% and 93% at 2\u2010, 5\u2010 and 10\u2010years following ART initiation. There were 52 new AIDS\u2010defining events and 50 deaths during 3347 person\u2010years of follow\u2010up (PYS) (incidence 3.05\/100 PYS, 95% CI, 2.51 to 3.70). Previous AIDS or TB diagnosis, lower current CD4 count and adherence &lt;95% were associated with combined new AIDS\u2010defining event and death.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite improved outcomes over time, our findings highlight the need for rapid ART initiation and adherence support among PWID within Asian settings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,22]],"date-time":"2021-05-22T04:57:46Z","timestamp":1621659466000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["HIV treatment outcomes among people who acquired HIV via injecting drug use in the Asia\u2010Pacific region: a longitudinal cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3731-7960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Win Min","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kirby Institute UNSW  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"HIV\u2010NAT Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Awachana","family":"Jiamsakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kirby Institute UNSW  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nur Afiqah Mohd","family":"Salleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Preventive Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"},{"name":"Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA) University of Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2775-3315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun Yong","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Internal Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bui Vu","family":"Huy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Hospital for Tropical Diseases  Hanoi Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6650-0559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evy","family":"Yunihastuti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia \u2010 Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital  Jakarta Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cuong Duy","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bach Mai Hospital  Hanoi Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tuti P","family":"Merati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Udayana University &amp; 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