{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T01:34:08Z","timestamp":1790472848563,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]],"date-time":"2021-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int AIDS Soc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>HIV self\u2010testing (HIVST) is a useful strategy to promote HIV testing among key populations. This study aimed to understand HIV testing behaviours among men who have sex with men (MSM) and specifically how HIVST was used during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) measures in China when access to facility\u2010based testing was limited.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>An online cross\u2010sectional study was conducted to recruit men who have sex with men (MSM) in China from May to June of 2020, a period when COVID\u201019 measures were easing. Data on socio\u2010demographic characteristics, sexual behaviours and HIV testing in the three months before and during COVID\u201019 measures (23 January 2020) were collected. Chi\u2010square test and logistic regression were used for analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, 685 MSM were recruited from 135 cities in 30 provinces of China, whose mean age was 28.8 (SD: 6.9) years old. The majority of participants self\u2010identified as gay (81.9%) and had disclosed their sexual orientation (66.7%). In the last three months, 69.6% ever had sex with men, nearly half of whom had multiple sexual partners (47.2%). Although the overall HIV testing rates before and during COVID\u201019 measures were comparable, more MSM self\u2010tested for HIV during COVID\u201019 measures (52.1%) compared to before COVID\u201019 measures (41.6%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.038). Fewer MSM used facility\u2010based HIV testing during COVID\u201019 measures (42.9%) compared to before COVID\u201019 measures (54.1%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.038). Among 138 facility\u2010based testers before COVID\u201019 measures, 59.4% stopped facility\u2010based testing during COVID\u201019 measures. Among 136 self\u2010testers during COVID\u201019 measures, 58.1% had no HIV self\u2010testing before COVID\u201019 measures. Multivariable logistic regression showed that having sex with other men in the last three months (adjusted odds ratio, a<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a02.04, 95% CI: 1.38 to 3.03), self\u2010identifying as gay (a<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a02.03, 95% CI: 1.31 to 3.13), ever disclosing their sexual orientation (a<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01.72, 95% CI: 1.19 to 2.50) and tested for HIV in three months before COVID\u201019 measures (a<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a04.74, 95% CI: 3.35 to 6.70) were associated with HIV testing during COVID\u201019 measures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Facility\u2010based HIV testing decreased and HIVST increased among MSM during COVID\u201019 measures in China. MSM successfully accessed HIVST as substitute for facility\u2010based testing, with no overall decrease in HIV testing rates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25737","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]],"date-time":"2021-05-26T07:18:13Z","timestamp":1622013493000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["HIV self\u2010testing partially filled the HIV testing gap among men who have sex with men in China during the COVID\u201019 pandemic: results from an online survey"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0631-4460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongbo","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaihao","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2804-1181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph","family":"Tucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Project\u2010China Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research The London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5784-7403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason J","family":"Ong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Clinical School Monash University Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0415-5467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China"},{"name":"The Institute of Global Health and STD Southern Medical University Guangzhou China"},{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Project\u2010China Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research The London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Project\u2010China Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9026-707X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weiming","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China"},{"name":"The Institute of Global Health and STD Southern Medical University Guangzhou China"},{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Project\u2010China Guangzhou 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