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The objective of this study was to understand the potential impact of ART\u2010associated weight gain on pregnancy outcomes among women living with HIV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using data from the Tsepamo birth outcomes surveillance study in Botswana, we evaluated the relationship between maternal weight (and weight gain) and severe birth outcomes (very preterm delivery &lt;32\u00a0weeks, very small for gestational age (SGA) &lt;3rd percentile, perinatal death), macrosomia (birthweight\u00a0&gt;\u00a04000\u00a0g) and maternal hypertension. We estimated the relative risk of each outcome by baseline weight (first weight in pregnancy &lt;24\u00a0weeks) and second trimester average weekly weight gain (kg\/week from 12\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02 to 24\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02\u00a0weeks) using log binomial regression and evaluated effect modification by ART regimen (DTG vs. Efavirenz (EFV)).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 22,828 women on ART at conception with singleton deliveries between August 2014 and April 2020, 16,300 (71.4%) had a weight measured &lt;24\u00a0weeks\u2019 gestation (baseline weight) and 4437 (19.2%) had weight measured both at 12 (\u00b12) weeks and 24 (\u00b12) weeks, allowing second trimester weight gain calculation. Compared to women with baseline weight 60 to 70\u00a0kg, low baseline weight (&lt;50\u00a0kg) was associated with increased risk of very preterm delivery (aRR 1.30, 95% CI 1.03, 1.65) and very SGA (aRR1.96, 95% CI 1.69, 2.28). High baseline weight (&gt;90\u00a0kg) was associated with increased risk of macrosomia (aRR 3.24, 95% CI 2.36, 4.44) and maternal hypertension (aRR 1.79, 95% CI 1.62, 1.97). Baseline weight was not associated with stillbirth or early neonatal death. For all outcomes, second trimester weight gain showed weaker associations than did baseline weight. Duration of pre\u2010pregnancy ART (years) was associated with higher baseline weight for DTG but not for EFV, and the risk of maternal hypertension by baseline weight category was higher for DTG than EFV for all strata.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>ART regimens associated with weight gain may reduce the number of women at risk for certain severe adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with low weight but increase the number at risk of macrosomia and maternal hypertension. Further research could determine whether weight\u2010based ART treatment strategies improve maternal and child health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25763","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,27]],"date-time":"2021-06-27T14:05:18Z","timestamp":1624802718000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Maternal weight and birth outcomes among women on antiretroviral treatment from conception in a birth surveillance study in Botswana"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5707-421X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Zash","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Botswana\u2010Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership Gaborone Botswana"},{"name":"Harvard T.H. 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